Oratio quarta contra Arianos [Sp.]
Athanasius of Alexandria
Athanasius. The Orations of St. Athanasius against the Arians. Bright, William, editor. Oxford: Clarendon, 1884.
17. Οὁ μὲν οὖν Ἰουδαῖοι ἐν τῷ ἀκοῦσαι ‘ἓν’ ἐνόμιζον κατὰ Σαβέλλιον αὐτὸν εἰρηκέναι εἶναι τὸν Πατέρα· ὁ δέ γε Σωτὴρ ἡμῶν συλλογίζεται μὲν αὐτῶν τὴν ἁμαρτίαν, ὅτι ‘εἰ καὶ Θεὸν εἶπον, ἔδει ὑμᾶς εἰδέναι τὸ γεγραμμένον, Ἐγὼ εἶπα, θεοί ἐστε·᾿ εἶτα τὸ ‘ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ἕν ἐσμεν’ σαφηνίζων, ἐν τῷ Υἱῷ τὴν πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα ἑνότητα ἀποδέδωκε λέγων, ‘ὅτι εἶπον, Υἱός εἰμι τοῦ Θεοῦ.᾿ Εἰ γὰρ τῇ λέξει οὐκ εἶπεν, ἀλλὰ τὴν διάνοιαν τοῦ ‘ἕν ἐσμεν ἀποδέδωκε τῷ Υἱῷ. Οὐδὲν γὰρ ἓν πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα, εἰ μὴ τὸ ἐξ αὐτοῦ. Τί δ᾿ ἂν εἴη τὸ ἐξ αὐτοῦ ἢ ὁ Υἱός ; Ἐπιφέρει γοῦν, ‘ἵνα γινώσκητε ὅτι ἐγὼ ἐν τῷ Πατρὶ, καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ἐν ἐμοί.’ Τὸ γὰρ ‘ἓν’ ἐπεξηγούμενος, οὐκ ἐν τῷ αὐτὸ εἶναι ἐκεῖνο πρὸς ὃ ἕν ἐστιν εἶπεν, ἀλλʼ ἐν τῷ αὐτὸν ἐν τῷ Πατρὶ, καὶ τὸν Πατέρα ἐν τῷ Υἱῷ, τὴν συνάφειαν καὶ τὸ ἀχώριστον. [*](Cp. iii. 4.) Καὶ γὰρ καὶ Σαβέλλιον ἐν τούτῳ ἀνατρέπει, ἐν τῷ εἰπεῖν οὐχ, ‘ὁ Πατήρ εἰμι,᾿ ἀλλὰ, ‘ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ·᾿ καὶ Ἄρειον ἐν τῷ εἰπεῖν, ‘ἕν ἐσμεν.᾿ Εἰ τοίνυν ὁ Υἱὸς ἄλλο, καὶ ὁ Λόγος ἄλλο, οὐχ ὁ Λόγος ἕν ἐστι πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα, ἀλλʼ ὁ Υἱός· οὐδὲ ὁ τὸν Λόγον ‘ἑωρακὼς ἑώρακε τὸν Πατέρα,ʼ ἀλλʼ ὁ τὸν Υἱόν. Τούτων δὲ δεικνυμένων, ἢ μείζων ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Λόγου, ἢ πλεῖον οὐδὲν ὁ Λόγος τοῦ Υἱοῦ ἔχει. Τί γὰρ μεῖζον ἢ τελειότερον τοῦ ‘ἓν,ʼ καὶ τοῦ ‘ἐγὼ ἐν τῷ Πατρὶ, καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ἐν
18. Ἴσως μὲν οὖν ἂν εἴποιεν ἀναιδῶς, μὴ Υἱοῦ. ἀλλὰ Λόγου εἶναι τὴν φωνὴν ταύτην. Ἀλλʼ ἐν τοῖς ἀνωτέρω λεχθεῖσι δῆλον ἐγένετο ὅτι Υἱός ἐστιν ὁ λέγων. Ὁ γὰρ λέγων ἐνταῦθα, ‘οὐκ ἦλθον κρῖναι τὸν κόσμον, ἀλλὰ σῶσαι,᾿ δείκνυται οὐκ ἄλλος εἶναι ἢ ὁ μονογενὴς Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ. Φησὶ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν ὁ αὐτὸς Ἰωάννης, ‘Οὕτω γὰρ ἠγάπησεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν κόσμον, [*](Ib. iii. 16-19.) ὥστε τὸν Υἱὸν αὐτοῦ τὸν μονογενῆ ἔδωκεν, ἵνα πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων ἐπʼ αὐτὸν μὴ ἀπόληται, ἀλλʼ ἔχῃ ζωὴν αἰώνιον. Οὐ γὰρ ἀπέστειλεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν Υἱὸν εἰς τὸν κόσμον, ἵνα κρίνῃ τὸν κόσμον, ἀλλʼ ἴνα σωθῇ ὁ κόσμος διʼ αὐτοῦ, Ὁ πιστεύων εἰς αὐτὸν οὐ κρίνεται· ὁ δὲ μὴ πιστεύων ἤδη κέκριται, ὅτι μὴ πεπίστευκεν εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ μονογενοῦς Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ. Αὕτη δέ ἐστιν ἡ κρίσις, ὅτι τὸ φῶς ἐλήλυθεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον, καὶ ἠγάπησαν οἱ ἄνθρωποι μᾶλλον τὸ σκότος ἢ τὸ φῶς· ἦν γὰρ αὐτῶν πονηρὰ τὰ ἔργα.᾿ Εἰ ὁ λέγων, ‘οὐ γὰρ ἦλθον, ἵνα κρίνω τὸν κόσμον, ἀλλʼ ἵνα σώσω αὐτὸν,ʼ αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ λέγων, ‘ὁ θεωρῶν ἐμὲ, [*](Ib. xii. 45.) θεωρεῖ τὸν πέμψαντά με·᾿ ὁ δὲ ἐλθὼν σῶσαι τὸν κόσμον, καὶ μὴ κρῖναι αὐτὸν, ὁ μονογενής ἐστιν Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ· δῆλον ὅτι ὁ αὐτὸς Υἱός ἐστιν ὁ λέγων, ‘ὁ θεωρῶν ἐμὲ, θεωρεῖ τὸν πέμψαντά με.᾿ Καὶ γὰρ ὁ λέγων, ‘ὁ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμὲ,’ καὶ, ‘ἐάν τίς μου ἀκούσῃ τῶν ῥημάτων, ἐγὼ οὐ κρίνω αὐτὸν,᾿ αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ Υἱὸς, περὶ οὗ ταῦτά φησιν, ‘ὁ πιστεύων εἰς αὐτὸν οὐ κρίνεται· ὁ δὲ μὴ πιστεύων ἤδη κέκριται, ὅτι μὴ πεπίστευκεν εἰς
19. Καὶ τούτου τοίνυν δειχθέντος, δῆλον ὅτι Υἱός ἐστιν ὁ Λόγος. Εἰ δὲ ὁ Υἱός ἐστι τὸ φῶς τὸ εἰς τὸν κόσμον ἐληλυθὸς, ἀναντιῤῥήτως διὰ τοῦ Υἱοῦ ὁ κόσμος ἐγένετο. Ἐν γὰρ τῇ ἀρχῇ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου περὶ τοῦ βαπτιστοῦ λέγων Ἰωάννου ὁ εὐαγγελιστής φησιν, ‘οὐκ ἦν ἐκεῖνος τὸ φῶς, ἀλλʼ ἵνα μαρτυρήσῃ περὶ τοῦ φωτός·᾿ Ἦν γὰρ, ὡς προέφημεν, ‘τὸ φῶςʼ αὐτὸς ὁ Χριστὸς ‘τὸ ἀληθινὸν, τὸ φωτίζον πάντα ἄνθρωπον τὸν ἐρχόμενον εἰς τὸν κόσμον.’ Εἰ γὰρ ‘ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἦν, καὶ ὁ κόσμος διʼ αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο,’ ἀνάγκη οὖν αὐτὸν εἶναι τὸν Λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ, περὶ οὗ καὶ πάντα διʼ αὐτοῦ γεγενῆσθαι ἔφησεν. Ἢ γὰρ δύο κόσμους ἀναγκασθήσονται λέγειν, ἵνʼ ὁ μὲν δι᾿ Υἱοῦ, ὁ δὲ διὰ τοῦ Λόγου εἴη γεγονώς· ἢ, εἰ εἷς ἐστιν ὁ κόσμος καὶ μία ἡ κτίσις, ἀκόλουθον καὶ ἕνα καὶ τὸν αὐτὸν Υἱὸν καὶ Λόγον πρὸ πάσης κτίσεως· δι᾿ αὐτοῦ γὰρ γέγονεν. Οὐκοῦν εἰ ὡς διὰ τοῦ Λόγου, οὕτω καὶ διὰ Υἱοῦ τὰ πάντα γέγονεν, οὐδὲν ἐναντίον φανήσεται, ἀλλὰ καὶ ταὐτὸν εἴη ἂν εἰπεῖν, ὡς ‘ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ Λόγος,ʼ ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ Υἱός. Εἰ δὲ, ὅτι μὴ εἶπεν ὁ Ἰωάννης, ‘ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ Υἱὸς,᾿ οὐχ ἁρμόζειν φήσουσι τῷ Υἱῷ τὰ τοῦ Λόγου, ὥρα καὶ τὰ τοῦ [*](Ib. x. 30.) Υἱοῦ μὴ ἁρμόζειν τῷ Λόγῳ. Τοῦ δὲ Υἱοῦ ἐδείχθη τὸ ‘ἐγὼ καὶ [*](Ib. i. 18.) ὁ Πατὴρ ἕν ἐσμεν,ʼ καὶ τὸ, ‘ὁ ὢν ἐν τοῖς κόλποις τοῦ Πατρὸς,᾿ [*](Al. om. ὑπ. αυτ.) ὑπάρχειν αὐτόν· καὶ τὸ, ‘ὁ θεωρῶν ἐμὲ, θεωρεῖ τὸν πέμψαντά με·ʼ κοινὸν μέντοι πρός τε τὸν Λόγον καὶ τὸν Υἱὸν τὸ τὸν κόσμον διʼ αὐτοῦ γεγενῆσθαι· ὡς ἐκ τούτου δείκνυσθαι πρὸ τοῦ κόσμου εἶναι τὸν Υἱόν. Ἀνάγκη γὰρ τὸν δημιουργὸν πρὸ τῶν γιγνομένων εἶναι. Καὶ τὸ πρὸς Φίλιππον δὲ λεγόμενον οὐ τοῦ Λόγου κατʼ αὐτοὺς [*](Ib. xiv, 9-13.) ἂν εἴη, ἀλλὰ τοῦ Υἱοῦ. Εἶπε γὰρ, φησὶν, ὁ Ἰησοῦς· ‘Τοσοῦτον χρόνον μεθʼ ὑμῶν εἰμι, καὶ οὐκ ἔγνωκάς με, Φίλιππε; ὁ ἑωρακὼς
20. Eἰ μὲν οὖν τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ὃν ἐφόρεσεν ὁ Λόγος, αὐτὸν [*]((1.)) εἶναι λέγουσι τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ τὸν μονογενῆ, καὶ μὴ τὸν Λόγον Υἱὸν, ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἂν εἴη ἀκολούθως ὁ ‘ἐν τῷ Πατρὶ,ʼ ἐν ᾧ καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ‘ἐν αὐτῷ·’ καὶ ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἂν εἴη, ὁ ‘ἓν’ ὢν αὐτὸς καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ, καὶ ‘ὁ ἐν τοῖς κόλποις τοῦ Πατρὸς, καὶ ‘τὸ φῶς τὸ ἀληθινόν· Ἀναγκασθήσονται δὲ καὶ ‘δι᾿ αὐτοῦ’ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου εἰπεῖν τὸν κόσμον γεγενῆσθαι, καὶ τὸν ἄνθρωπον εἶναι τὸν ‘ἐλθόντα μὴ κρῖναι τὸν κόσμον, ἀλλὰ σῶσαι’ αὐτόν· αὐτὸν δὲ εἶναι καὶ πρὶν Ἀβραὰμ γενέσθαι. ‘Ἰησοῦς’ γὰρ, φησὶν, ‘εἷπεν αὐτοῖς· Ἀμὴν, [*](John viii. 58.) ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμίν, πρὶν Ἀβραὰμ γενέσθαι, ἐγώ εἰμι.’ Καὶ πῶς οὐκ ἄτοπον κατʼ αὐτοὺς τὸν ἐκ σπέρματος Ἀβραὰμ μετὰ δύο καὶ [*](Matt. i 17.) τεσσαράκοντα γενεὰς γενόμενον λέγειν, ‘πρὶν’ Ἀβραὰμ γενέσθαι,’ ὑπάρχειν; πῶς δὲ οὐκ ἄτοπον, εἰ ἡ σὰρξ, ἣν ἐφόρεσεν ὁ Λόγος, αὕτη ἐστὶν ὁ Υἱὸς, λέγειν τὴν ἐκ Μαρίας σάρκα ταύτην εἶναι, διʼ ἧς ὁ κόσμος ἐγένετο; πῶς δὲ φήσουσι καὶ τὸ ‘ἐν [*](John i. 10.) τῷ κόσμῳ ἦν;’ τὸ γὰρ πρὸ τῆς κατὰ σάρκα γενέσεως τοῦ Υἱοῦ σημαίνων ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς, ἐπήγαγε λέγων, ‘ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἦν.’ Πῶς δὲ εἰ μὴ ὁ Λόγος Υἱός ἐστιν, ἀλλʼ ὁ ἄνθρωπος Υἱὸς, δύναται τὸν κόσμον σῶσαι, εἶς ὢν καὶ αὐτὸς τοῦ κόσμου; Εἰ δὲ ἀναισχυντοῖεν ἐπὶ τούτοις, ποῦ ἔσται ὁ Λόγος, τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ὄντος ‘ἐν τῷ Πατρί;ʼ πόστος δὲ ἔσται ὁ Λόγος πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα, τοῦ ἀνθρώπου καὶ τοῦ Πατρὸς ‘ἓν᾿ ὄντων; Εἱ δὲ ὁ ἄνθρωπος