Works and Days

Hesiod

Hesiod, creator; Homer, creator; Evelyn-White, Hugh G. (Hugh Gerard), d. 1924, translator

  • Poles of laurel or elm are most free from worms, and a share-beam of oak and a plough-tree of holm-oak. Get two oxen, bulls of nine years; for their strength is unspent and they are in the prime of their age: they are best for work. They will not fight in the furrow and break the plough
  • and then leave the work undone. Let a brisk fellow of forty years follow them, with a loaf of four quarters[*](The loaf is a flattish cake with two intersecting lines scored on its upper surface which divide it into four equal parts.) and eight slices[*](The meaning is obscure. A scholiast renders “giving eight mouthfuls”; but the elder Philostratus uses the word in contrast to “leavened.”) for his dinner, one who will attend to his work and drive a straight furrow and is past the age for gaping after his fellows,
  • but will keep his mind on his work. No younger man will be better than he at scattering the seed and avoiding double-sowing; for a man less staid gets disturbed, hankering after his fellows. Mark, when you hear the voice of the crane[*](About the middle of November.) who cries year by year from the clouds above,