Histories

The leaders of each nation are not worthy of mention, and every city of each nation had a leader of its own. These came not as generals but as slaves, like the rest of the expedition; I have already said who were the generals of supreme authority and the Persian commanders of each nation.

The admirals of the navy were Ariabignes son of Darius, Prexaspes son of Aspathines, Megabazus son of Megabates, and Achaemenes son of Darius. Ariabignes, son of Darius and Gobryas' daughter, was admiral of the Ionian and Carian fleet; the admiral of the Egyptians was Achaemenes, full brother of Xerxes; and the two others were admirals of the rest. The ships of thirty and of fifty oars, the light galleys, and the great transports for horses came to a total of three thousand all together.

After the admirals, the most famous of those on board were these: from +Sidon [35.366,33.55] (inhabited place), Al-Janub, Lebanon, Asia Sidon, Tetramnestus son of Anysus; from +Tyre [35.183,33.266] (inhabited place), Al-Janub, Lebanon, Asia Tyre, Matten son of Siromus; from +Jazirat Arwad (island), Tartus, Syria, Asia Aradus, Merbalus son of Agbalus; from Cilicia [34.333,36.666] (region (general)), Turkey, AsiaCilicia, Syennesis son of Oromedon; from +Lycia (region (general)), Turkey, Asia Lycia, Cyberniscus son of Sicas; from Cyprus [33,35] (island), AsiaCyprus, Gorgus son of Chersis and Timonax son of Timagoras; and from +Caria [28,37.5] (region (general)), Turkey, Asia Caria, Histiaeus son of Tymnes, Pigres son of Hysseldomus, and Damasithymus son of Candaules.

I see no need to mention any of the other captains except Artemisia. I find it a great marvel that a woman went on the expedition against Greece [22,39] (nation), EuropeHellas: after her husband died, she took over his tyranny, though she had a young son, and followed the army from youthful spirits and manliness, under no compulsion.

Artemisia was her name, and she was the daughter of Lygdamis; on her fathers' side she was of Halicarnassian lineage, and on her mothers' Cretan. She was the leader of the men of Bodrum [27.466,37.5] (inhabited place), Mugla Ili, Ege kiyilari, Turkey, Asia Halicarnassus and Kos City [27.3,36.8917] (Perseus)Cos and Nisyrus and Calydnos, and provided five ships.