Histories

When they went into battle they painted half their bodies with gypsum and the other half with vermilion. The Arabians and the Ethiopians who dwell above Egypt [30,27] (nation), Africa Egypt had as commander Arsames, the son of Darius and Artystone daughter of Cyrus, whom Darius loved best of his wives; he had an image made of her of hammered gold.

The Ethiopians above Egypt [30,27] (nation), Africa Egypt and the Arabians had Arsames for commander, while the Ethiopians of the east[*](For these see Hdt. 3.94. The “eastern Ethiopians” were apparently in or near +Baluchistan [66,28] (province), Pakistan, Asia Beluchistan.) (for there were two kinds of them in the army) served with the Indians; they were not different in appearance from the others, only in speech and hair: the Ethiopians from the east are straight-haired, but the ones from Libya [17,25] (nation), AfricaLibya have the woolliest hair of all men.

These Ethiopians of Asia (continent)Asia were for the most part armed like the Indians; but they wore on their heads the skins of horses' foreheads, stripped from the head with ears and mane; the mane served them for a crest, and they wore the horses' ears stiff and upright; for shields they had bucklers of the skin of cranes.

The Libyans came in leather garments, using javelins of burnt wood. Their commander was Massages son of Oarizus.

The Paphlagonians in the army had woven helmets on their heads, and small shields and short spears, and also javelins and daggers; they wore their native shoes that reach midway to the knee. The Ligyes and Matieni and Mariandyni and Syrians were equipped like the Paphlagonians. These Syrians are called by the Persians Cappadocians.