Deipnosophistae

Now the author of the Cyprian poems, whoever he was, says—

1. No better remedies than wine there are,
2. O king, to drive away soul-eating care.

And Diphilus the comic poet says—

1. O Bacchus, to all wise men dear,
2. How very kind you do appear;
3. You make the lowly-hearted proud,
4. And bid the gloomy laugh aloud;
5. You fill the feeble man with daring,
6. And cowards strut and bray past bearing.

And Philoxenus of Cythera says—

1. Good store of wine which makes men talk.

But Chæremon the tragedian says, that wine inspires those who use it with

1. Laughter and wisdom and prudence and learning.

And Ion of Chios calls wine

1. Youth of indomitable might,
2. With head of bull; the loveliest wight
3. Who ever rank'd as Love's esquire,
4. Filling men with strength and fire.

And Mensitheus says—

1. Great was the blessing, when the gods did show
2. Sweet wine to those who how to use it know;
3. But where bad men its righteous use pervert,
4. To such, I trow, it will be rather hurt.
5. For to the first it nourishment supplies,
6. Strengthens their bodies, and their minds makes wise;
7. A wholesome physic 'tis when mix'd with potions,
8. Heals wounds as well as plasters or cold lotions.
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9. Wine to our daily feasts brings cheerful laughter,
10. When mix'd with proper quantities of water;
11. Men saucy get if one-third wine they quaff;
12. While downright madness flows from half-and-half;
13. And neat wine mind and body too destroys;
14. While moderation wise secures our joys.
15. And well the oracle takes this position,
16. That Bacchus is all people's best physician.

And Eubulus introduces Bacchus as saying—

1. Let them three parts of wine all duly season
2. With nine of water, who'd preserve their reason;
3. The first gives health, the second sweet desires,
4. The third tranquillity and sleep inspires.
5. These are the wholesome draughts which wise men please,
6. Who from the banquet home return in peace.
7. From a fourth measure insolence proceeds;
8. Uproar a fifth, a sixth wild licence breeds;
9. A seventh brings black eyes and livid bruises,
10. The eighth the constable next introduces;
11. Black gall and hatred lurk the ninth beneath,
12. The tenth is madness, arms, and fearful death;
13. For too much wine pour'd in one little vessel,
14. Trips up all those who seek with it to wrestle.

And Epicharmus says—

1. A. Sacrifices feasts produce,
2. Drinking then from feasts proceeds.
3. B. Such rotation has its use.
4. A. Then the drinking riot breeds;
5. Then on riot and confusion
6. Follow law and prosecution;
7. Law brings sentence; sentence chains;
8. Chains bring wounds and ulcerous pains.

And Panyasis the epic poet allots the first cup of wine to the Graces, the Hours, and Bacchus; the second to Venus, and again to Bacchus; the third to Insolence and Destruction. And so he says—

1. O'er the first glass the Graces three preside,
2. And with the smiling Hours the palm divide;
3. Next Bacchus, parent of the sacred vine,
4. And Venus, loveliest daughter of the brine,
5. Smile on the second cup, which cheers the heart,
6. And bids the drinker home in peace depart.
7. But the third cup is waste and sad excess,
8. Parent of wrongs, denier of redress;
9. Oh, who can tell what evils may befall
10. When Strife and Insult rage throughout the hall?
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11. Content thee, then, my friend, with glasses twain;
12. Then to your home and tender wife again;
13. While your companions, with unaching heads,
14. By your example taught, will seek their beds.
15. But riot will be bred by too much wine,
16. A mournful ending for a feast divine;
17. While, then, you live, your thirst in bounds confine.

And a few lines afterwards he says of immoderate drinking—

1. For Insolence and Ruin follow it.

According to Euripides,

1. Drinking is sire of blows and violence.

From which some have said that the pedigree of Bacchus and of Insolence were the same.