De Iside et Osiride

Of the stars the Egyptians think that the Dog-star is the star of Isis,[*](Cf. 359 d, supra, and 376 a, infra.) because it is the bringer of water.[*](In the Nile.) They also hold the Lion in honour, and they

adorn the doorways of their shrines with gaping lions’ heads,[*](Cf.Moralia, 670 c; Horapollo, Hieroglyphica, i. 21.) because the Nile overflows

When for the first time the Sun comes into conjunction with Leo.[*](Aratus, Phaenomena, 151. The Dog-star rises at about the same time.)

As they regard the Nile as the effusion of Osiris,[*](Cf. the note on 365 b, supra.) so they hold and believe the earth to be the body of Isis, not all of it, but so much of it as the Nile covers, fertilizing it and uniting with it.[*](Cf. 363 d, supra.) From this union they make Horus to be born. The all-conserving and fostering Hora, that is the seasonable tempering of the surrounding air, is Horus, who they say was brought up by Leto in the marshes round about Buto[*](Cf. 357 f, supra.); for the watery and saturated land best nurtures those exhalations which quench and abate aridity and dryness.

The outmost parts of the land beside the mountains and bordering on the sea the Egyptians call Nephthys. This is why they give to Nephthys the name of Finality, [*](Cf. 355 f, supra, and 375 b, infra.) and say that she is the wife of Typhon. Whenever, then, the Nile overflows and with abounding waters spreads far away to those who dwell in the outermost regions, they call this the union of Osiris with Nephthys,[*](Cf. the note on 356 e, supra.) which is proved by the upspringing of the plants. Among these is the melilotus,[*](Cf. 356 f, supra.) by the wilting and failing of which, as the story goes, Typhon gained knowledge of the wrong done to his bed. So Isis gave birth to Horus in lawful wedlock, but Nephthys bore Anubis clandestinely. However, in the chronological lists of the kings they record that

Nephthys, after her marriage to Typhon, was at first barren. If they say this, not about a woman, but about the goddess, they must mean by it the utter barrenness and unproduetivity of the earth resulting from a hard-baked soil.