Enquiry into Plants
Theophrastus
Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants, Hort, Heinemann, 1916
Ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ ἕτερα πλείω τοιαῦτ᾿ ἐστίν· ἐπεὶ καὶ τῶν ἐλαττόνων ποαρίων καὶ ὑλημάτων ἐν τῇ [*](1 2. 2. 10.) [*](2 cf. 2. It appears that the buds of the poplar were mistaken for fruit (Sch.); cf. Diosc. 1. 81. Later writers perpetuated the error by calling them κόκκοι.) [*](3 τοῦ ἐν τῇ Ἴδῃ conj. Sch.; τοῦ ἐν τῷ Ἴδῃ U; τοῦ ἐν τῇ Ἴδης MV; ἐν τῇ Ἴδῃ Ald.H.)
σχεδὸν δὲ ὅσα καλοῦσιν ἄρρενα τῶν ὁμογενῶν ἄκαρπα· καὶ τούτων τὰ μὲν πολλὰ ἀνθεῖν φασι τὰ δ᾿ ὀλίγον τὰ δ᾿ ὅλως οὐδ᾿ ἀνθεῖν· τὰ δὲ ἀνάπαλιν, τὰ μὲ ἄρρενα μόνα καρποφορεῖν, οὐ μὴν ἀλλ᾿ ἀπό γε τῶν ἀνθῶν φύεσθαι τὰ δένδρα, καθάπερ καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν καρπῶν ὅσα κάρπιμα· καὶ ἐν ἀμφοῖν οὕτως ἐνίοτε πυκνὴν εἶναι τὴν ἔκφυσιν ὥστε τοὺς ὀρεοτύπους οὐ δύνασθαι διῖέναι μὴ ὁδοποιησαμένους.
Ἀμφισβητεῖται δὲ καὶ περὶ τῶν ἀνθῶν ἐνίων, ὥσπερ εἴπομεν. οἱ μὲν γὰρ καὶ δρῦν ἀνθεῖν οἴονται καὶ τὴν Ἡρακλεῶτιν καρύαν καὶ διοσβάλανον, ἔτι δὲ πεύκην καὶ πίτυν· οἱ δ᾿ οὐδὲν τούτων, ἀλλὰ τὸν ἴουλον τὸν ἐν ταῖς καρύαις καὶ τὸ βρύον τὸ δρύῖνον καὶ τὸν κύτταρον τὸν πίτυῖνον [*](¹ χώρᾳ καὶ Ald.; ἢ καὶ conj. St.) [*](² i.e the ‘males’ are sterile whether they flower or not. καὶ τούτων τὰ μὲν πολλὰ Ι conj.; τούτων τὰ πολλὰ τὰ μὲν Ald.) [*](3 ? i.e. the flowers of the ‘female’ tree.) [*](⁴ i.e. (α) in those trees whose ‘male’ form is sterile, whether it bears flowers or not; (b) in those whose ‘male’)
IV. Ἡ δὲ βλάστησις τῶν μὲν ἅμα γίνεται καὶ τῶν ἡμέρων, τῶν δὲ μικρὸν ἐπιλειπομένη, τῶν δ᾿ ἤδη πλέον, ἁπάντων δὲ κατὰ τὴν ἠρινὴν ὥραν. ἀλλὰ τῶν καρπῶν ἡ παραλλαγὴ πλείων· ὥσπερ δὲ καὶ πρότερον εἴπομεν, οὐ κατὰ τὰς βλαστήσεις αἱ πεπάνσεις ἀλλὰ πολὺ διαφέρουσιν· ἐπεὶ καὶ τῶν ὀψικαρποτέρων, ἃ δή τινές φασιν ἐνιαυτοφορεῖν, οἷον ἄρκευθον καὶ πρῖνον, ὅμως αἱ βλαστήσεις τοῦ ἦρος. αὐτὰ δ᾿ αὑτῶν τὰ ὁμογενῆ τῷ πρότερον καὶ ὕστερον διαφέρει κατὰ τοὺς τόπους· πρῶτα μὲν γὰρ βλαστάνει τὰ ἐν τοῖς ἕλεσιν, ὡς οἱ περὶ Μακεδονίαν λέγουσι, δεύτερα δὲ τὰ ἐν τοῖς πεδίοις, ἔσχατα δὲ τὰ ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσιν.
Αὐτῶν δὲ τῶν καθ᾿ ἕκαστα δένδρων τὰ μὲν [*](¹ i.e the male flower, cf. Schol. on Ar. Vesp. 1111. Θεόφραστος κυρίως λέγει κύτταρον τὴν προάνθησιν τῆς πίτυος: but no explanation of such a use of the word suggests itself. cf. 3 3. 8: 4 8. 7.) [*](2 ἀρίαν conj. Seh., cf. 3. 4. 2; 3. 16. 3; 3. 17. 1; ὀξύνην ἀγρίαν Ald.)