De Tranquillitate Animi

To those who believe that one quite special kind of life is free from pain, as some do the life of farmers, others that of bachelors, others that of kings, the words of Menander[*](Kock, Com. Att. Frag., iii. p. 79, Frag. 281 (p. 378 ed. Allinson, L.C.L.); from the Citharistes.) are a sufficient reminder:

1. I used to think the wealthy, Phanias,
2. Who have no need to borrow, would not groan
3. Of nights, nor tossing up and down would cry
4. Ah, woe is me! but that they slept a sweet
5. And tranquil sleep.

He then goes on to relate that he observes that even the wealthy fare the same as the poor:

1. Is there then kinship between life and grief?
2. Grief’s in a famous life; with a rich life
3. It stays; with a mean life it too grows old.

But like people at sea[*](The rest of this chapter and the beginning of the next is cited by Stobaeus, vol. iii. p. 249 ed. Hense. It is also imitated by St. Basil, Epistle ii. (vol. i. p. 8 ed. Deferrari, L.C.L.).) who are cowardly and seasick and think that they would get through this voyage more comfortably if they should transfer from their little boat to a ship, and then again from the ship to a man-of-war; but they accomplish nothing by the changes, since they carry their nausea and cowardice along with them; so the exchange of one mode of life for another does not relieve the soul of those things which cause it grief and distress[*](Cf. Lucretius, iii. 1057 ff.: commutare locum quasi onus deponere possit; Seneca, De Tranquillitate Animi, ii. 13 f.): these are inexperience in affairs, unreasonableness, the want of ability or knowledge to make the right use of present conditions. These are the defects which, like a storm at sea, torment rich and poor alike, that afflict the married as well as the unmarried; because of these men avoid public life, then find their life of quiet unbearable; because of these men seek advancement at court, by which, when they have gained it, they are immediately bored.

Through helplessness the sick are hard to please,[*](Euripides, Orestes, 232.)

for their wives are troublesome, they grumble at the doctor, they are vexed with the bed,

Each friend that comes annoys, that goes affronts,

as Ion[*](Nauck, Trag. Graec. Frag. ², p. 743, Frag. 56.) has it. But later, when the disease is over and a sounder disposition supervenes, health returns and makes everything pleasant and agreeable[*](Cf.Moralia, 101 c-d.): he that yesterday loathed eggs and delicate cakes and fine bread to-day eats eagerly and willingly of a coarse loaf with olives and water-cress.