Parallela minora
Plutarch
Plutarch. Moralia, Vol. 4. Babbitt, Frank Cole, translator. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann Ltd., 1936 (printing).
Phalaris, the tyrant of Agrigentum, used to inflict most cruel torture and torment upon the strangers that passed his way. Perillus, a bronze-founder by trade, made a bronze heifer and gave it to the king that he might burn the strangers in it alive. But Phalaris on this one occasion proved himself a just man and threw into it the artisan; the heifer seemed to give forth a sound of bellowing.[*](Cf. Stobaeus, Florilegium, xlix. 49 (iv. p. 318 Hense).) So in the second book of Causes.[*](Probably, as Bentley conjectured, the Aetia of Callimachus (cf. Mair’s edition, L.C.L. p. 203). Schneider’s objections Schlereth has shown to be irrelevant.)
In Segesta, a city of Sicily, there lived a certain cruel despot, Aemilius Censorinus, who used to reward with gifts those who invented more novel forms of torture; and a certain Arruntius Paterculus constructed a horse of bronze and gave it as a gift to the aforesaid that he might cast the citizens therein. But on this occasion, for the first
time, the despot behaved in a just manner and thrust first the giver of the gift into the horse, so that he himself should be the first to experience the torment which he had devised for others. Then he seized the man and hurled him from the Tarpeian Rock. It is believed that those who rule with great cruelty are called Aemilii from this Aemilius. So Aristeides in the fourth book of his Italian History.Evenus, the son of Ares and Steropê;, married Alcippê, the daughter of Oenomaüs, and begat a daughter Marpessa,[*](Cf. Pseudo-Plutarch, De Fluviis, viii. 1 (Bernardakis, vol. vii. p. 296); Frazer’s note on Apollodorus, i. 7. 8 (L.C.L. vol. i. p. 62).) whom he endeavoured to keep a virgin. Idas, the son of Aphareus, seized her from a band of dancers and fled. Her father gave chase; but, since he could not capture them, he hurled himself into the Lycormas[*](An earlier name for the river Evenus in Aetolia.) river and became immortal. So Dositheüs in the first book of his Aetolian History.
Annius, king of the Etruscans, had a beautiful daughter named Salia, whom he endeavoured to keep a virgin. But Cathetus, one of the nobles, saw the maiden at play and fell in love with her; nor could he control his passion, but seized her and set out with her for Rome. Her father gave chase, but since he could not capture them, he leaped into the river Pareüsium, and from him its name was changed to Anio. And Cathetus consorted with Salia and begat Latinus and Salius, from whom the most noble patricians traced their descent. So Aristeides the Milesian, and also Alexander Polyhistor in the third book of his Italian History.
Hegesistratus, an Ephesian, having murdered
one of his kinsmen, fled to Delphi, and inquired of the god where he should make his home. And Apollo answered: Where you shall see rustics dancing, garlanded with olive-branches. When he had come to a certain place in Asia and had observed farmers garlanded with olive-leaves and dancing, there he founded a city and called it Elaeüs.[*](City of Olives.) So Pythocles the Samian in the third book of his Treatise on Husbandry.When Telegonus, the son of Odysseus and Circê, was sent to search for his father, he was instructed to found a city where he should see farmers garlanded and dancing. When he had come to a certain place in Italy, and had observed rustics garlanded with twigs of oak (prininoi) and diverting themselves with dancing, he founded a city, and from the coincidence named it Prinistum, which the Romans, by a slight change, call Praenestê. So Aristocles relates in the third book of his Italian History.