Agis and Cleomenes
Plutarch
Plutarch. Plutarch's Lives, Vol. X. Perrin, Bernadotte, translator. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann Ltd., 1921.
And the men of old, in my opinion, did not regard bravery as a lack of fear, but as fear of reproach and dread of disgrace. For the men who feel most dread of the laws have most courage in facing their enemies; and those shun death least who most fear ill fame.
Therefore it has been well said[*](By Stasinus of Cyprus. Cf. Plato, Euthyphro, 12a; Kinkel, Ep. Graec. Frag. i. p. 30.):
And Homer says[*](Iliad, iii. 172, Helen to Priam.):
- . . . for where dread is, there also is reverence.
and
- Revered art thou by me, dear father-in-law, and
- dreaded too;
For by the multitude reverence is most apt to be felt towards those whom they also fear. For this reason, too, the Lacedaemonians erected a temple to Fear alongside the mess-hall of the ephors, after they had endowed this magistracy with almost absolute powers.
- Without a word, in dread of their leaders.[*](Iliad, iv. 431, of the Achaeans marshalled for battle.)