History of the Peloponnesian War

Next they enslaved Scyros the island in the Aegean, containing a Dolopian population, and colonized it themselves.

This was followed by a war against Carystus, in which the rest of Euboea remained neutral, and which was ended by surrender on conditions.

After this Naxos left the confederacy, and a war ensued, and she had to return after a siege; this was the first instance of the engagement being broken by the subjugation of an allied city, a precedent which was followed by that of the rest in the order which circumstances prescribed.

Of all the causes of defection, that connected with arrears of tribute and vessels, and with failure of service, was the chief; for the Athenians were very severe and exacting, and made themselves offensive by applying the screw of necessity to men who were not used to and in fact not disposed for any continuous labour.