Res Gestae

Constantine was also the first Christian emperor, with the exception of Philippus[*](Philip, the Arab, emperor from 244 to 249.) who seemed to me to have become a Christian merely in order that the one-thousandth year of Rome[*](The one-thousandth year since the founding of the city.) might be dedicated to Christ rather than to pagan idols.[*](The words are those of Orosius, vii. 28.) But from Constantine down to the present day all the emperors that have been chosen were Christians, with the exception of Julian, whose disastrous life forsook him in the midst of the impious plans which it was said that he was devising.

Moreover, Constantine made the change[*](From the pagan to the Christian religion.) in a just and humane fashion; for he issued an edict that the temples should be closed without any shedding of pagan blood. Afterwards he destroyed the bravest and most populous of the Gothic tribes in the very heart of the barbarian territory; that is, in the lands of the Sarmatians.

Constantine also put down a certain Calocaerus,[*](He was a camel-driver.) who tried to achieve a revolution in Cyprus. He made Dalmatius, son of his brother of the same name,[*](See 2, 2, note 6, above.) a Caesar; Dalmatius’ brother Hannibalianus he created King of Kings and ruler of the Pontic tribes,[*](See Amm. xiv. 1, 2, note 2.) after giving him his daughter Constantiana[*](This was Constantia, wrongly called Constantina in xiv. 11, 22 and elsewhere, afterwards wife of Gallus Caesar.) in marriage. Then it was arranged that the younger Constantine should rule the Gallic provinces, Constantius Caesar the Orient, Constans Illyricum and Italy, while Dalmatius was to guard

Now during the reign of Zeno Augustus[*](Emperor of the East, 474–491.) at Constantinople, the patrician[*](See Vol. I, Introduction, p. xxviii; at this time a patricius outranked a praetorian prefect.) Nepos came to the Port of the city of Rome,[*](Portus Augusti, modern Porto; see Index I, Vol. I.) deposed Glycerius,[*](Emperor of the West, 473–474. Nepos forced him to become a priest, and soon after that he was made a—bishop at Salona. Julius Nepos was emperor from 474 to 475.) who was made a bishop, while Nepos himself became emperor at Rome. Presently Nepos came[*](The present participle in this writer is often used as a finite verb.) to Ravenna; he was followed by the patrician Orestes with an army,[*](Nepos had given him command of the troops in Gaul.) and in fear of his coming Nepos embarked on board a ship and fled to Salona,[*](Or Salonae (Caes., B.C. iii. 9, 1 f.), a Dalmatian seaport; modern Split (formerly Spalato) in Yugoslavia.) where he remained for five years; but later he was slain by his own men. Soon after Nepos left Rome Augustulus was made emperor and ruled for ten years.

Augustulus,[*](His title Augustus was changed to Augustulus in mockery of, or perhaps because of, his youth.) who was called Romulus by his parents before he mounted the throne, was made emperor by his father, the patrician Orestes. Then Odoacar made his appearance with a force of Sciri[*](See Pliny, N.H. iv. 97, and note 1, p. 507; they served as mercenaries in the Roman army, but revolted.) and killed the patrician Orestes at Placentia, and his brother Paulus at the Pine Grove,[*](Pineta is a late form for Pinetum. ) outside the Classis[*](Classes, or Classis, was a part of Ravenna near the harbour of the praetorian fleet.) at Ravenna.

Then he entered Ravenna, deposed Augustulus from his throne, but in pity for his tender years, granted him his life; and because of his beauty he also gave him an income of six thousand gold-pieces[*](See Amm. xx. 4, 18, note 5.) and sent him to Campania,[*](Cf. Jordanes, 46, in Lucullano Campaniae castello exilii poena damnavit. ) to live there a free man with his relatives. Now his father Orestes was a Pannonian, who joined with Attila at the time when he came to Rome, and was made his secretary, a position from which he had advanced to the rank of patrician.

Then, after Zeno was made emperor by his son Leo,[*](Leo the Thracian, also called Leo the Great, having no son, named his son-in-law Zeno as his successor. Since the people of Constantinople did not approve the choice, Leo associated with himself his grandson Leo, who survived him a few months only.) who was the offspring of the daughter of Leo the Great, Ariagne by name, he reigned for a year with his son Leo, and it was through Leo’s merit that Zeno retained his power. But after sharing the rule with his son for one year, Zeno was emperor for fourteen years more; he was an Isaurian of high rank, trained to arms, and worthy to receive an emperor’s daughter in marriage.

It is said of him that he was of even superhuman speed as a