Res Gestae

In commemoration of his splendid victory Constantine called Byzantium Constantinople after his own name; and as if it were his native city, he adorned it with great magnificence and wished to make it equal to Rome. Then he sought out new citizens for it from every quarter,[*](Hieronymus says that he nearly depopulated the other cities of the empire.) and lavished such wealth on the city, that thereon he all but exhausted the imperial fortunes. There he also established a senate[*](According to Zos. iii. 2, Julian established a senate at Constantinople; see Amm. xxii. 9, 2, and cf. Paneg. Lat. xi. 24 (Gratiarum actio Juliana), cum Senatui non solum veterem reddideris dignitatem, sed plurimum etiam novi honoris adieceris. ) of the second rank, the members of which had the title of clari.[*](The Roman senators were clarissimi. )

Then he began war against the Goths, rendering aid also to the Sarmatians, who had appealed to him for help.[*](In 334.) The result was that almost a hundred thousand of the Goths were destroyed by hunger and cold through Constantinus Caesar.[*](The son of Constantine the Great, afterwards Constantinus II; see § 19, above.) Then he also received hostages, among whom was Ariaricus, the king’s son.

When peace with the Goths had thus been secured, Constantine turned against the Sarmatians, who were showing themselves to be of doubtful loyalty. But the slaves of the Sarmatians rebelled against all their masters[*](The Limigantes; see Amm., xvii. 13, 1; xvii. 12, 18 ff.) and drove them from the country. These Constantine willingly received, and

Constantine was also the first Christian emperor, with the exception of Philippus[*](Philip, the Arab, emperor from 244 to 249.) who seemed to me to have become a Christian merely in order that the one-thousandth year of Rome[*](The one-thousandth year since the founding of the city.) might be dedicated to Christ rather than to pagan idols.[*](The words are those of Orosius, vii. 28.) But from Constantine down to the present day all the emperors that have been chosen were Christians, with the exception of Julian, whose disastrous life forsook him in the midst of the impious plans which it was said that he was devising.

Moreover, Constantine made the change[*](From the pagan to the Christian religion.) in a just and humane fashion; for he issued an edict that the temples should be closed without any shedding of pagan blood. Afterwards he destroyed the bravest and most populous of the Gothic tribes in the very heart of the barbarian territory; that is, in the lands of the Sarmatians.

Constantine also put down a certain Calocaerus,[*](He was a camel-driver.) who tried to achieve a revolution in Cyprus. He made Dalmatius, son of his brother of the same name,[*](See 2, 2, note 6, above.) a Caesar; Dalmatius’ brother Hannibalianus he created King of Kings and ruler of the Pontic tribes,[*](See Amm. xiv. 1, 2, note 2.) after giving him his daughter Constantiana[*](This was Constantia, wrongly called Constantina in xiv. 11, 22 and elsewhere, afterwards wife of Gallus Caesar.) in marriage. Then it was arranged that the younger Constantine should rule the Gallic provinces, Constantius Caesar the Orient, Constans Illyricum and Italy, while Dalmatius was to guard