Res Gestae

Ammianus Marcellinus

Ammianus Marcellinus. Ammianus Marcellinus, with an English translation, Vols. I-III. Rolfe, John C., translator. Cambridge, MA; London: Harvard University Press; W. Heinemann, 1935-1940 (printing).

After passing the places mentioned, one comes to the grotto of Aulion and the river Callichorus,[*](Of beautiful dances.) which owes its name to the fact that Bacchus, when he had after three years vanquished the peoples of India, returned to those regions, and on the green and shady banks of that river renewed the former orgies and dances;[*](Val. Flacc. v. 75.) some think that this kind of festival was also called trieterica.[*](As celebrated every third year; cf. Virg., Aen. iv. 302.)

Beyond these

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territories are the populous districts of the Camaritae,[*](Bands of pirates, using small ships called camarae. ) and the Phasis in impetuous course borders on the Colchians, an ancient race of Egyptian origin. There,[*](Cf. Hdt. ii. 103-4; Val. Flacc. v. 418 ff.) among other cities, is Phasis, which gets its name from the river, and Dioscurias, well known even to this day, said to have been founded by Amphitus and Cercius of Sparta, the charioteers of Castor and Pollux, and founders of the nation of the Heniochi.[*](From ἡνίοχος, charioteer; Dioscurias is derived from Dioscuri, i.e. (διόσκουροι), the sons of Zeus, Castor and Polydeuces (Pollux).)

A short distance from these are the Achaei, who, after the end of an earlier war at Troy (not the one which was fought about Helen, as some writers have asserted), being carried out of their course by contrary winds to Pontus, and meeting enemies everywhere, were unable to find a place for a permanent home; and so they settled on the tops of mountains covered with perpetual snow, where, compelled by the rigorous climate, they became accustomed to make a dangerous living by robbery, and hence became later beyond all measure savage. About the Cercetae, who adjoin them, we have no information worth mentioning.

Behind these dwell the inhabitants of the Cimmercian Bosporus, where Milesian cities are, and Panticapaeum, the mother, so to speak, of all; this the river Hypanis washes, swollen with its own and tributary waters.

Next, at a considerable distance, are the Amazons, who extend to the Caspian Sea and live about the Tanaïs,[*](To-day the Don.) which rises among the crags of Caucasus, flows in a course

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with many windings, and after separating Europe from Asia vanishes in the standing pools of the Maeotis.

Near this is the river Ra,[*](Now the Volga.) on whose banks grows a plant of the same name, the root of which is used for many medicinal purposes.[*](Rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum, Linnaeus), the vegetable radix Pontica (Celsus, v. 23, 3); the drug is made from Chinese rhubarbs.)

Beyond the Tanais the Sauromatae have a territory of wide extent, through which flow the never - failing rivers Maraccus, Rombites, Theophanes and Totordanes. However, there is also another nation of the Sauromatae, an enormous distance away, extending along the shore which receives the river Corax and pours it far out into the Euxine Sea.

Nearby is the Maeotic Gulf[*](The Sea of Azov.) of wide circuit, from whose abundant springs a great body of water bursts through the narrows of Panticapes into the Pontus. On its right side are the islands Phanagorus and Hermonassa, founded by the industry of the Greeks.

Around these farthest and most distant marshes live numerous nations, differing in the variety of their languages and customs: the Ixomatae, Maeotae, Iazyges, Roxolani, Halani, Melanchlaenae, and with the Geloni, the Agathyrsi, in whose country an abundance of the stone called adamant[*](adamas,untamable,unbreakable is variously applied to a kind of steel, and to diamonds and like stones.) is found; and farther beyond are other peoples, who are wholly unknown, since they are the remotest of all men.