A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology

1. A citizen of Crotona, son of Butacides. Having married the daughter of Telys, king of the rival state of Sybaris, and being obliged in consequence to leave his country, he sailed away to Cyrene; and, when Dorieus, the Spartan prince, son of Anaxandrides, set forth from the Libyan coast, on his Sicilian expedition, Philippus accompanied him with a galley, equipped and manned at his own expence, and was slain in Sicily in a battle with the Carthaginians and Egestaeans. He was the finest man of his time, and a conqueror at Olympia; by virtue of which qualifications the Egestaeans worshipped him after his death as a hero. (Hdt. 5.47; comp. above, Vol. I. p. 1066b.)

2. Son of Alexander I. of Macedonia, and brother of Perdiccas II., against whom he rebelled in conjunction with Derdas. The rebels were aided by the Athenians, in consequence of which Perdiccas instigated Potidaea, as well as the Chalcidians and Bottiaeans, to revolt from Athens. When the Athenian generals arrived, Philip acted with them in the campaign of B. C. 432. He seems to have diedbefore B. C. 429, in which ear we find his son Amyntas contesting the throne with Perdiccas, and aided in his attempt by Sitalces, king of the Odrysian Thracians. (Thuc. 1.57, &100.2.95, 100.) [See above, Vol. I. p. 154b.; and comp. Clint. F. H. vol. ii. p. 225, where a different account is given of Amyntas.]

3. A Lacedaemonian, was sent by the Peloponnesians to Aspendus, in B. C. 411, with two gallies, to take charge of the Phoenician fleet, which Tissaphernes had promised them. But Philippus sent notice front Aspendus to Mindarus, the Spartan admiral, that no confidence was to be placed in Tissaphernes ; and the Peloponnesian fleet accordingly whither Pharnabazus had invited them. (Thuc. 8.87, 99.)

4. A Theban, was one of the members of the oligarchical government established at Thebes after the seizure of the Cadmeia by Phoebidas in B. C. 382. In B. C. 379, on the night when Pelopidas and his fellow-exiles carried their enterprise for the Archias were slain by the conspirators at a banquet at the house of Phyllidas. (Xen. Hell. 5.4. §§ 2, &c.; comp. Plut. Pel. 9, &c. de Gen. Soc. 24, 26, 29, 32.)

5. Son of Amyntas, a Macedonian officer in the service of Alexander the Great, who commanded one of the divisions of the phalanx at the battle of the Granicus. (Arr. Anab. 1.14.3.) His name does not subsequently appear in the campaigns of Alexander, at least so that it can be distinctly identified but so many officers in the army bore the name of Philip that it is frequently impossible to say who is tle particular person spoken of. Droysen conjectures (Hellenism. vol. i. p. 418. not.) that it is this Philip who was the father of Magas (Paus. 1.7.1), but there is certainly no proof of this, and the expression of Pausanias, that the latter was a man of ordinary condition and ignoble birth, is unfavorable to this supposition.

6. Son of Machatas, an officer in the service of Alexander the Great, who was appointed by him in B. C. 327 satrap of India, including the provinces westward of the Hydaspes. (Arr. Anab. 5.8. 5.) After the conquest of the Malli and Oxydracae, these tribes also were added to his government. (Id. 6.14.7.) But after the departure of Alexander from India, Philip was assassinated by a conspiracy formed among the mercenary troops under his command, B. C. 326. (Id. 6.27.3 Curt. x. 1.20.)

Droysen considers this Philip to have been the father of Antigonus, the king of Asia. (Hellenisrn. vol. i. p. 43. not.) It is certain at least that they were both of the race of the princes of Elymiotis.

7. Son of Menelaus, a Macedonian officer who held the command of the Thessalian cavalry, and that of the other Greek auxiliaries in the service of Alexander. We find him mentioned as holding this post, and rendering important services both at the battles of the Granicus and Arbela; and although the greater part of the Thessalian horse were suffered to return to Greece, he continued to accompany Alexander with the remainder, and is again mentioned during the advance into Bactria. (Arr. Anab. 1.15.4, 3.11.15, 25.6; Curt. 4.13.29, 6.6.35.)

8. Son of Balacrus, an officer in the service of Alexander who commanded one taxis or division of the phalanx at the battle of Arbela. (Diod. 17.57.) This is the only time his patronymic is mentioned; but there can be little doubt that he is the same person who held a similar command at the passage of the Granicus, three years before. (Arr. Anab. 1.14.5.) It is also not improbable that he is the same with the following.

9. Satrap of Sogdiana, to which government he was first appointed by Alexander himself in B. C. 327. He retained his post, as did most of the satraps of the more remote provinces, in the arrangements which followed the death of the king (B. C. 323); but in the subsequent partition at Triparadeisus, B. C. 321, he was assigned the government of Parthia instead. (Dexipp. apud Phot. p. 64b.; Arrian. ib. p. 71. b.; Diod. 18.3, 39.) Here he remained until 318, when Python, who was then seeking to establish his power over all the provinces of the East, made himself master of Parthia, and put Philip to death. (Diod. 19.14.)

10. A Macedonian officer, who was left by Alexander the Great in command of the garrison at near the Indus. (Arr. Anab. 4.28.10.)

11. One of the friends of Alexander the Great, who was sent by him to consult the oracle of Ammon concerning the payment of divine honours to Hephaestion. (Diod. 17.115.)

12. A brother of Lysimachus (afterwards king of Thrace) in the service of Alexander, who died of

13. A Macedonian officer, who had served under Alexander throughout his campaigns (probably therefore identical with some one of the preceding), and who in consequence as a man of age and experience was one of the counsellors selected by Antigonus to control and assist his son Demetrius during, his first campaign, B. C. 314. (Diod. 19.69.) He is perhaps the same person who is again mentioned in B. C. 302, as holding the citadel of Sardis for Antigonus, when the rest of the city was betrayed by Phoenix into the hands of Prepelaus, the general of Cassander. (Id. 20.107.)

14. A Macedonian who commanded the right wing of the army of Eumenes in the battle at Gadamart, B. C. 316. (Diod. 19.40.) He is probably identical with some one of those above enumerated, but with which it is impossible to say.

15. Son of Antipater, the regent of Macedonia, and brother of Cassander, by whom he was sent in B. C. 313, with an army to invade Aetolia. But on his arrival in Acarnania the news that Aeacides, king of Epeirus, had recovered possession of his throne, induced him to turn his arms against that monarch, whom he defeated in a pitched battle. Aeacides with the remnant of his forces having afterwards joined the Aetolians, a second action ensued, in which Philip was again victorious, and Aeacides himself fell in the battle. The Aetolians hereupon abandoned the open country, and took refuge in their mountain fastnesses. (Diod. 19.74.) According to Justin (12.14) Philip had participated with his two brothers, Cassander and lollas, in the conspiracy for the murder of Alexander.

16. Father of Antigonus, king of Asia. (Arr. Anab. 1.29.5; Just. 13.4. See No. 2.)

17. Son of Antigonus, king of Asia, was sent by his father in B. C. 310, at the head of an army, to oppose the revolt of his general Phoenix, and to recover possession of the towns on the Hellespont held by the latter. (Diod. 20.19.) He died in B. C. 306, just as Antigonus was setting out for his expedition against Egypt. (Id. 20.73, where he is called Phoenix, though it appears certain that Antigonus had only two sons, Demetrius and Philip. See Droysen, Hellenism. vol. i. p. 465, note.)

18. A son of Lysimachus, king of Thrace, who was put to death together with his elder brother Lysimachus, by the usurper Ptolemy Ceraunus, B. C. 281. (Just. 24.3.) [LYSIMACHUS, Vol. II. p. 867a.]

19. An officer who held the citadel of Sicyon for Ptolemy, king of Egypt, but surrendered it by capitulation to Demetrius Poliorcetes, B. C. 303. (Diod. 20.102.)

20. An Epeirot, who took a leading part in negotiating the treaty of peace concluded between Philip V., king of Macedonia, and the Roman general P. Sempronius Tuditanus at Phoenice, in Epeirus, B. C. 205. (Liv. 29.12.)

21. A Macedonian officer, who commanded the garrison of Cassandreia when that place was besieged by the Roman praetor C. Marcius Figulus, together with Eumenes, king of Pergamus, in the second Macedonian war, B. C. 169. The Romans succeeded by mining in opening an entrance through the walls; but before they could take advantage of it, Philip by a sudden sally threw their troops into confusion, and made a great slaughter of them. This disaster caused the praetor to turn the siege into a blockade; and the arrival of ten Macedonian ships, which made their way into the town with a strong reinforcement of troops, soon after compelled him to abandon the enterprize altogether. (Liv. 44.11, 12.)

22. A Macedonian, sent as ambassador by Perseus to the Rhodians, shortly before the commencement of the second Macedonian war, to try to induce them to remain neutral during the impending contest. (Plb. 27.4.)

23. An Achaean, who, as belonging to the party favourable to the Romans, was one of those selected for the embassy of congratulation after the defeat of Perseus, B. C. 168. (Plb. 30.10.)

24. Son of Alexander of Megalopolis. His father's pretended descent from Alexander the Great appears to have filled him with the most puerile schemes of ambition. On the marriage of his sister Apama with Amynander, king of Athamania, Philip accompanied her, and contrived to obtain great influence over the mind of Amynander, who gave him the government of Zacynthus, and allowed him to direct in great measure the administration of affairs. When Antiochus came into Greece (B. C. 192) he gained over Philip to his interests by pretending to regard him as the rightful heir to the Macedonian throne, and even holding out to him hopes of establishing him upon it; by which means he obtained the adherence of Amynander also. Philip was afterwards chosen by Antiochus for the duty of burying the bones of the Macedonians and Greeks slain at Cynoscephalae, a measure by which he vainly hoped to conciliate popularity. He was next appointed to command the garrison at Pellinaeum, but was soon compelled to surrender to the Romans, by whom he was sent a prisoner to Rome. When first taken captive he accidentally met Philip, the king of Macedonia, who in derision greeted him with the royal title. (Liv. 35.47, 36.8, 13, 14, 31; Appian. Syr. 13, 17.)

25. A brother of Perseus, king of Macedonia, apparently a son of Philip by a subsequent marriage, as he was so much younger than his brother, that the latter adopted him as his son, and appears to have continued to regard him as the heir to his throne even after the birth of his own son Alexander. Thus we find him holding the post of honour next to the king on occasions of state; and after the fatal battle of Pydna he was the constant companion of Perseus during his flight and the period of his refuge at Samothrace, and surrendered together with him to the Roman praetor Cn. Octavius. He was led in triumph before the car of Aemilius Paulus, B. C. 167, and afterwards consigned to captivity at Alba, where he survived his adopted father but a short time. (Liv. 42.52, 44.45, 45.6; Plut. Aemil. 33, 37; Zonar. 9.24.) According to Polybius (Fr. Vat. xxxvii. p. 447) he was only eighteen years old at the time of his death.

26. A friend and officer of Antiochus the Great, who held the office of commander of the elephants (mnagister elephantorum, a title of high rank at the court of Syria) under that monarch; in which post we find him mentioned both at the battle of Raphia, between Antiochus and Ptolemy Philopator, B. C. 217 (Plb. 5.82), and again at the battle of Magnesia against the Romans, B. C. 190. (Liv. 37.41; Appian. Syr. 33.) As he is said by Polvbius to have been brought up with Antiochus

27. One of the friends and ministers of Antiochus Epiphanes, king of Syria, who was appointed by him on his deathbed (B. C. 164) to be the guardian of his son Antiochus V. He returned to Syria, bearing with him the signet ring of the deceased monarch, and assumed the government during the absence of the young king and Lysias (who had been previously appointed regent) in Judaea. But on receiving the intelligence Lysias hastened to make peace with Judas Maccabaeus, and returned to oppose Philip, whom he defeated and put to death. (J. AJ 12.9. §§ 2, 6, 7.)

an architect, entitled maximus on his epitaph, which was found at Nimes. Whether he was the architect of any of the great Roman works which still adorn that city, such as the Maison carrée and the amphitheatre, is a matter of pure conjecture. (Gruter, p. dcxxiii. 5.)