Histories

After Darius' death, the royal power descended to his son Xerxes. Now Xerxes was at first by no means eager to march against Greece [22,39] (nation), EuropeHellas; it was against Egypt [30,27] (nation), Africa Egypt that he mustered his army. But Mardonius son of Gobryas, Xerxes cousin and the son of Darius' sister, was with the king and had more influence with him than any Persian. He argued as follows: “Master, it is not fitting that the Athenians should go unpunished for their deeds, after all the evil they have done to the Persians.

For now you should do what you have in hand; then, when you have tamed the insolence of Egypt [30,27] (nation), Africa Egypt, lead your armies against Athens [23.7333,37.9667] (Perseus)Athens, so that you may have fair fame among men, and others may beware of invading your realm in the future.”

This argument was for vengeance,[*](Some take the Greek to mean “this argument was his helper”; but the statement seems rather pointless.) but he kept adding that Europe (continent)Europe was an extremely beautiful land, one that bore all kinds of orchard trees, a land of highest excellence, worthy of no mortal master but the king.