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                    <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><text xml:base="urn:cts:pdlrefwk:viaf88890045.003.perseus-eng1"><body xml:lang="eng" n="urn:cts:pdlrefwk:viaf88890045.003.perseus-eng1"><div type="textpart" subtype="alphabetic_letter" n="B"><div type="textpart" subtype="entry" xml:id="bibaculus-m-furius-bio-1" n="bibaculus_m_furius_1"><head><label><persName xml:lang="la"><addName full="yes">Biba'culus</addName>, <forename full="yes">M.</forename><surname full="yes">Fu'rius</surname></persName></label></head><p>who is classed by Quintilian (10.1.96) along with Catullus and Horace as one of the most
      distinguished of the Roman satiric iambographers, and who is in like manner ranked by
      Diomedes, in his chapter on iambic verse (p. 482, ed. Putsch.) with Archilochus and Hipponax,
      among the Greeks, and with Lucilius, Catullus, and Horace, among the Latins, was born,
      according to St. Jerome in the Eusebian chronicle, at Cremona in the year <date when-custom="-103">B. C. 103</date>.</p><div><head>Works</head><p>From the scanty and unimportant specimens of his works transmitted to modern times, we are
       scarcely in a condition to form any estimate of his powers.</p><div><head>Light or sarcastic poetry</head><p>A single senarian is quoted by Suetonius (<hi rend="ital">de Illustr. Gr.</hi> 100.9),
        containing an allusion to the loss of memory sustained in old age by the famous Orbilius
        Pupillus; and the same author (100.11) has preserved two short epigrams in hendecasyllabic
        measure, not remarkable for good taste or good feeling, in which Bibaculus sneers at the
        poverty to which his friend, Valerius Cato [<hi rend="smallcaps">VALERIUS</hi>
        <hi rend="smallcaps">CATO</hi>], had been reduced at the close of life, as contrasted with
        the splendour of the villa which that unfortunate poet and grammarian had at one period
        possessed at Tusculum, but which had been seized by his importunate creditors. In addition
        to these fragments, a dactylic hexameter is to be found in the Scholiast on Juvenal (8.16),
        and a scrap consisting of three words in Charisius (p. 102, ed. Putsch.).</p></div><div><head><title xml:lang="la">Pragmatia Belli Gallici</title></head><p>We have good reason, however, to believe that Bibaculus did not confine his efforts to
        pieces of a light or sarcastic tone, but attempted themes of more lofty pretensions. It
        seems certain that he published a poem on the Gaulish wars, entitled <title xml:lang="la">Pragmatia Belli Gallici</title>, and it is probable that he was the author of another upon
        some of the legends connected with the Aethiopian allies of king Priam. The former is known
        to us only from an unlucky metaphor cleverly parodied by Horace, who takes occasion at the
        same time to ridicule the obese rotundity of person which distinguished the composer. (Hor.
         <hi rend="ital">Serm.</hi> 2.5. 41, and the notes of the Scholiast; comp. <bibl n="Quint. Inst. 8.6.17">Quint. Inst. 8.6.17</bibl>.) The existence of the latter depends
        upon our acknowledging that the "turgidus Alpinus" represented in the epistle to Julius
        Florus (<bibl n="Flor. 1.103">1. 103</bibl>) as "murdering" Memnon, and polluting by his
        turbid descriptions the fair fountains of the Rhine, is no other than Bibaculus. The
        evidence for this rests entirely upon an emendation introduced by Bentley into the text of
        the old commentators on the above passage, but the correction is so simple, and tallies so
        well with the rest of the annotation, and with the circumstances of the case, that it may be
        pronounced almost certain. The whole question is fully and satisfactorily discussed in the
        dissertation of Weichert in his <title xml:lang="la">Poet. Latin. Reliqu.</title> p. 331,
        &amp;c. Should we think it worth our while to inquire into the cause of the enmity thus
        manifested by Horace towards a brother poet whose age might have commanded forbearance if
        not respect, it may perhaps be plausibly ascribed to some indisposition which had been
        testified on the part of the elder bard to recognise the merits of his youthful competitor,
        and possibly to some expression of indignation at the presumptuous freedom with which
        Lucilius, the idol and model of the old school, had been censured in the earlier productions
        of the Venusian. An additional motive may be found in the fact, which we learn from the
        well-known oration of Cremutius Cordus as reported by Tacitus (<bibl n="Tac. Ann. 4.34">Tac.
         Ann. 4.34</bibl>), that the writings of Bibaculus were stuffed with insults against the
        first two Caesars--a consideration which will serve to explain also the hostility displayed
        by the favourite of the Augustan court towards Catullus, whose talents and taste were as
        fully and deservedly appreciated by his countrymen and contemporaries as they have been by
        modern critics, but whose praises were little likely to sound pleasing in the ears of the
        adopted son and heir of the dictator Julius.</p></div><div><head><title xml:lang="la">Lucubrationes</title></head><p>Lastly, by comparing some expressions of the elder Pliny (Praef <hi rend="ital">H.
        N.</hi>) with hints dropped by Suetonius (<hi rend="ital">de Ilustr. Gr.</hi> 100.4) and
        Macrobius (<hi rend="ital">Saturn.</hi> 2.1), there is room for a conjecture, that Bibaculus
        made a collection of celebrated jests and witticisms, and gave the compilation to the world
        under the title of <title xml:lang="la">Lucubrationes.</title></p></div></div><div><head>Confusion with Aulus Furius Antias</head><p>We must carefully avoid confounding Furius Bibaculus with the Furius who was imitated in
       several passages of the Aeneid, and from whose Annals, extending to eleven books at least, we
       find some extracts in the Saturnalia. (Macrob. <hi rend="ital">Saturn.</hi> 6.1; Compare
       Merula, <hi rend="ital">ad Enn. Ann.</hi> p. xli.) The latter was named in full <hi rend="ital">Aulus Furius Antias.</hi> and to him L. Lutatius Catulus, colleague of M. Marius
       in the consulship of <date when-custom="-102">B. C. 102</date>, addressed an account of the
       campaign against the Cimbri. (<bibl n="Cic. Brut. 100.35">Cic. Brut. 100.35</bibl>.)</p><p>To this Furius Antias are attributed certain lines found in Aulus Gellius (<bibl n="Gel. 18.11">18.11</bibl>), and brought under review on account of the affected neoterisms
       with which they abound. Had we any fair pretext for calling in question the authority of the
       summaries prefixed to the chapters of the Noctes Atticae, we should feel strongly disposed to
       follow G. J. Voss, Lambinus, and Heindorf, in assigning these follies to the ambitious
       Bibaculus rather than to the chaste and simple Antias, whom even Virgil did not disdain to
       copy.</p><div><head>Further Information</head><p>Weichert, <hi rend="ital">Poet. Latin. Reliqu.</hi></p></div></div><byline>[<ref target="author.W.R">W.R</ref>]</byline></div></div></body></text></TEI>
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