Editions

They were first printed by Trincavelli, 1535, and afterwards together with the Encheiridion of Epictetus and Simplicius's commentary, with a Latin translation, by H. Wolf, Basel, 1560. The best editions are in Schweighäuser's Epicteteae Philosophiae Monumenta, vol. iii., and in Coraes' . vol. viii.

Editions

The Encheiridion was first published in a Latin translation by Politianus, Rome, 1493, and in 1496, by Beroaldus, at Bologna.The Greek original, with the commentary of Simplicius, appeared first at Venice, 1528, 4to, This edition was soon followed by numerous others, as the work was gradually regarded and used as a school book. The best along the subsequent editions are those of Haloander (Nürnberg, 1529, 8vo.), Trincavelli (Venice, 1535, 8vo.), Naogeorgius (Strassburg, 1554, 8vo.), Berkel (Leyden, 1670, 8vo.), Schroeder (Frankfurt, 1723, 8vo.), and Heyne (Dresden and Leipzig, 1756 and 1776). The best among the recent editions are those of Schweighäuser and Coraes, in the collections above referred to.

Editions

It was first published with a Latin translation by L. Holstenius (Paris, 1644, 4to.); it is also contained in Zeune's Opuscula minora of Xenophon, and in Schneider's edition of Xenophon, vol. vi.

6. Ἱστορίαι ἀναβάσεως Ἀλεξάνδρου

The most important among the works in which he took Xenophon as his model, is VI. His account of the Asiatic expedition of Alexander the Great (Ἱστορίαι ἀναβάσεως Ἀλεξάνδρου, or simply Ἀνάβασις Ἀλεξάνδρου), in seven books, which we possess complete, with the exception of a gap in the 12th chapter of the seventh book, which unfortunately exists in all the MSS. This great work reminds the reader of Xenophon's Anabasis, not only by its title, but also by the ease and clearness of its style. The work is not, indeed, equal to the Anabasis in point of composition : it does not possess either the thorough equality and noble simplicity, or the vividness of Xenophon ; but Arrian is, nevertheless, in this work one of the most excellent writers of his time, above which he is raised by his simplicity and his unbiassed judgment. Great as his merits thus are as an historian, they are yet surpassed by his excellences as an historical critic. His Anabasis is based upon the most trustworthy historians among the contemporaries of Alexander, whose works are lost, such as Ptolemy, the son of Lagus, Aristobuus, the son of Aristobulus, which two he chiefly followed, Diodotus of Erythrae, Eumenes of Cardia, Nearchus of Crete, and Megasthenes; and his sound judgment as to who deserved credit, justly led him to reject the accounts of such authors as Onesicritus, Callisthenes, and others. No one at all acquainted with this work of Arrian can refuse his assent to the opinion of Photius (p. 73a.; comp. Lucian, Alex. 2), that Arrian was the best among the numerous historians of Alexander. The work begins with the death of Philip, and after giving a brief account of the occurrences which followed that event, he proceeds in the eleventh chapter to relate the history of that gigantic expedition, which he continues down to the death of Alexander. One of the great merits of the work, independent of those already mentioned, is the clearness and distinctness with which he describes all military movements and operations, the drawing up of the armies for battle and the conduct of battles and sieges. In all these respects the Anabasis is a masterly production, and Arrian shows that he himself possessed a thorough practical knowledge of military affairs. He seldom introduces speeches, but wherever he does, he shows a profound knowledge of man ; and the speech of Alexander to his rebellious soldiers and the reply of Coenus (5.25, &c.), as well as some other speeches, are masterly specimens of oratory. Everything, moreover, which is not necessary to make his narrative clear, is carefully avoided, and it is probably owing to this desire to omit everything superfluous in the course of his narrative, that we are indebted for his separate work,

7. On India (Ἰνδικὴ or τὰ Ἰνδικα)

On India (Ἰνδικὴ or τὰ Ἰνδικα), which may be regarded as a continuation of the Anabasis, and has sometimes been considered as the eighth book of it, although Arrian himself speaks of it as a distinct work. It is usually printed at the end of the Anabasis, and was undoubtedly written immediately after it. It is a curious fact, that the Indica is written in the Ionic dialect, a circumstance which has been accounted for by various suppositions, the most probable among which is, that Arrian in this point imitated Ctesias of Cnidus, whose work on the same subject he wished to supplant by a more trustworthy and correct account. The first part of Arrian's Indica contains a very excellent description of the interior of India, in which he took Megasthenes and Eratosthenes as his guides. Then follows a most accurate description of the whole coast from the mouth of the Indus to the Persian gulf, which is based entirely upon the Παράπλους of Nearchus the Cretan, and the book concludes with proofs, that further south the earth is uninhabitable, on account of the great heat.

Editions

Of Arrian's Anabasis and Indica two Latin translations, the one by C. Valgulius (without date or place), and the other by B. Facius (Pisaur. 1508) appeared before the Greek text was printed; and the editio princeps of the original is that by Trincavelli, Venice, 1535, 8vo. Among the subsequent editions we mention only those of Gerbel (Strassb. 1539, 8vo.), H. Stephens (Paris, 1575, 8vo.), Blancard (Amsterd. 1688, 8vo.), J. Gronovius, who availed himself of several Augsburg and Italian MSS. (Leyden, 1704, fol.), K. A. Schmidt, with the notes of G. Raphelius (Amsterd, 1757, 8vo.) and Schneider, who published the Anabasis and Indica separately, the former at Leipzig, 1798, 8vo., and the latter at Halle, 1798, 8vo. The best modern editions of the Anabasis are those of J. E. Ellendt (Regimontii, 1832, 2 vols. 8vo.) and of C. W. Krüger. (Berlin, 1835, vol. i., which contains the text and various readings.)

Editions

These Peripluses were first printed, with other geographical works of a similar kind, by S. Gelenius, Basel, 1533, and somewhat better by Stuck, Geneva, 1577. They are also contained in the collection of the minor works of Arrian by Blancard (Amsterd. 1683 and 1750). The best editions are in Hudson's Geographi Minores, vol. i., and in Gail's and Hoffmann's collections of the minor Geographers.

Editions

The fragment is printed in Scheffer's collection of ancient works on tactics (Upsula, 1664), and better in Blancard's collection of the minor works of Arrian.

10. A

Phot. p. 73b.

11. A

Phot. p. 73b.

12. A

A notorious Asiatic robber of the time (Lucian, Alex. 2).

13. (τὰ μετὰ Ἀλέξανδρον).

in ten books, of which an abstract, or rather an enumeration of contents, is preserved in Photius. (Cod. 92.)

14. (Παρθικά)

In 17 books (Phot. p 17, a.), the main subject of which was their wars with the Romans, especially under Trajan.

15. (Βιθυνικά)

in eight books. (Phot. Bibl. 93; comp. p. 17a.) This work began with the mythical age, and carried the history down to the time when Bithynia became united with the Roman empire, and in it the author mentioned several events connected with his own life. From a quotation in Eustathius (ad Hom. Il. viii. p. 694), who seems to have had the work before him, it is highly probable that it was written in the Ionic dialect. (Comp. Eustath. ad Hom. Il. iv. p. 490, v. p. 565, xv. p. 1017.)

XVI. A History of the Alani (Ἀλανικὴ or τὰ κατʼ Ἀλανούς, Phot. p. 17a.).

A fragment entitled , describing the plan of the battle against the Alani, was discovered in the seventeenth century at Milan : it seems to have belonged to the History of the Alani.