(Ἀντίοχος), king of COMMAGENE, surnamed EPIPHANES (Ἐπιφανής), was apparently a son of Antiochus III., and received his paternal
dominion from Caligula in A. D. 38, with a part of Cilicia bordering on the seacoast in
addition. Caligula also gave him the whole amount of the revenues of Commagene during the
twenty years that it had been a Roman province. (D. C. 59.8; Suet. Cal. 16.) He lived on most intimate terms with Caligula, and
he and Herod Agrippa are spoken of as the instructors of the emperor in the art of tyranny.
(D. C. 59.24.) This friendship, however, was not of very long
continuance, for he was subsequently deposed by Caligula and did not obtain his kingdom again
till the accession of Claudius in A. D. 41. (D.
C. 60.8.) In A. D. 43 his son, also called Antiochus Epiphanes, was betrothed to
Drusilla, the daughter of Agrippa. (J. AJ 19.9.1.) In A. D. 53 Antiochus put down an insurrection of some barbarous tribes in
Cilicia, called Clitae. (Tac. Ann. 12.55.) In A. D. 55 he received orders from Nero to levy troops to make war against
the Parthians, and in the year 59 he served under Corbulo against Tiridates, brother of the
Parthian king Voloeses. (13.7, 37.) In consequence of his services in this war, he obtained in
the year 61 part of Armenia. (14.26.) He espoused the side of Vespasian, when he was
proclaimed emperor in A. D. 70; and he is then spoken of as the
richest of the tributary kings. (Tac. Hist. 2.81.) In the
same year he sent forces, commanded by his son Antiochus, to assist Titus in the siege of
Jerusalem. (Joseph. Bell. Jud. 5.11.3; Tac.
Hist. 5.1.) Two years afterwards, A. D. 72, he was accused by
Paetus, the governor of Syria, of conspiring with the Parthians against the Romans, and was in
consequence deprived of his kingdom, after a reign of thirty-four years from his first
appointment by Caligula. He first retired to Lacedaemon, and then to Rome, where he passed the
remainder of his life with his sons Antiochus and Callinicus, and was treated with great
respect. (Joseph. B. J. 7.7.) There are several coins of this king
extant, from which we learn, that the name of his wife was lotape. In the one annexed he is
called ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ ΜΕΓΑΣ ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΣ. On
the reverse a scorpion is represented, surrounded with the foliage of the laurel, and
inscribed ΚΟΜΜΑΓΗΝΩΝ. (Eckhel, iii. p. 255,
&c.; comp. Clinton, F. H. iii. p. 343, &c.)