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                    <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><text xml:lang="eng"><body><div type="translation" n="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng2" xml:lang="eng"><div subtype="book" type="textpart" n="1"><div subtype="chapter" type="textpart" n="9"><div subtype="section" type="textpart" n="26"><p><milestone unit="para"/>Sailing by night they encountered a violent storm, and Apollo, taking his stand on the Melantian ridges, flashed lightning down, shooting a shaft into the sea. Then they perceived an island close at hand, and anchoring there they named it Anaphe, because it had loomed up (<hi rend="ital">anaphanenai</hi>) unexpectedly. So they founded an altar of Radiant Apollo, and having offered sacrifice they betook them to feasting; and twelve handmaids, whom Arete had given to Medea, jested merrily with the chiefs; whence it is still customary for the women to jest at the sacrifice<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">Compare <bibl>Ap. Rhod., Argon. iv.1701-1730</bibl>; <bibl>Orphica, Argonautica 1361-1367</bibl>. From the description of Apollonius we gather that the raillery between men and women at these sacrifices was of a ribald character (<foreign xml:lang="grc">αἰσχροῖς ἔπεσσιν.</foreign>) Here Apollodorus again departs from Apollonius, who places the intervention of Apollo and the appearance of the island of Anaphe after the approach of the Argonauts to <name type="place" key="tgn,7012056">Crete</name>, and their repulse by Talos. Moreover, Apollonius tells how, after leaving Phaeacia, the Argonauts were driven by a storm to <name type="place" key="tgn,1000172">Libya</name> and the Syrtes, where they suffered much hardship (<bibl>Ap. Rhod., Argon. iv.1228-1628</bibl>). This Libyan episode in the voyage of the Argo is noticed by <bibl>Diod. 4.56.6</bibl>, but entirely omitted by Apollodorus.</note>. <pb n="119"/><milestone unit="para"/>Putting to sea from there, they were hindered from touching at <name type="place" key="tgn,7012056">Crete</name> by Talos.<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">As to Talos, see <bibl>Ap. Rhod., Argon. iv.1639- 1693</bibl>; <bibl>Orphica, Argonautica 1358-1360</bibl>; <bibl>Agatharchides, in Photius, Bibliotheca, p. 443b, lines 22-25, ed. Bekker</bibl>; <bibl>Lucian, De saltatione 49</bibl>; <bibl>Zenobius, Cent. v.85</bibl>; <bibl>Suidas, s.v. <foreign xml:lang="grc">Σαρδάνιος γέλως</foreign> </bibl>; <bibl>Eustathius on Hom. Od. xx.302, p. 1893</bibl>; <bibl>Scholiast on Plat. Rep. i, 337a</bibl>. Talos would seem to have been a bronze image of the sun represented as a man with a bull's head. See <bibl><title>The Dying God</title>, pp. 74ff.</bibl>; <bibl>A. B. Cook, <title>Zeus</title>, i.718ff.</bibl> In his account of the death of Talos our author again differs from Apollonius Rhodius, according to whom Talos perished through grazing his ankle against a jagged rock, so that all the ichor in his body gushed out. This incident seems to have been narrated by Sophocles in one of his plays (<bibl>Scholiast on Ap. Rhod., Argon. iv.1638</bibl>; <bibl><title>The Fragments of Sophocles</title>, ed. A. C. Pearson, i.110ff.</bibl>). The account, mentioned by Apollodorus, which referred the death of Talos to the spells of Medea, is illustrated by a magnificent vase-painting, in the finest style, which represents Talos swooning to death in presence of the Argonauts, while the enchantress Medea stands by, gazing grimly at her victim and holding in one hand a basket from which she seems to be drawing with the other the fatal herbs. See <bibl>A. B. Cook, <title>Zeus</title>, i.721, with plate XL1</bibl>.</note> Some say that he was a man of the Brazen Race, others that he was given to Minos by Hephaestus; he was a brazen man, but some say that he was a bull. He had a single vein extending from his neck to his ankles, and a bronze nail was rammed home at the end of the vein. This Talos kept guard, running round the island thrice every day; wherefore, when he saw the Argo standing inshore, he pelted it as usual with stones. His death was brought about by the wiles of Medea, whether, as some say, she drove him mad by drugs, or, as others say, she promised to make him immortal and then drew out the nail, so that all the ichor gushed out and he died. But some say that Poeas shot him dead in the ankle. <milestone unit="para"/>After tarrying a single night there they put in to <name type="place" key="perseus,Aegina City">Aegina</name> to draw water, and a contest arose among them concerning the drawing of the water.<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">Compare <bibl>Ap. Rhod., Argon. iv.1765-1772</bibl>, from whose account we gather that this story was told to explain the origin of a footrace in <name type="place" key="perseus,Aegina City">Aegina</name>, in which young men ran with jars full of water on their shoulders.</note> Thence they sailed betwixt <name type="place" key="tgn,7002677">Euboea</name> and <name type="place" key="tgn,7010899">Locris</name> and came to <pb n="121"/> Iolcus, having completed the whole voyage in four months. </p></div><div subtype="section" type="textpart" n="27"><p><milestone unit="para"/>Now Pelias, despairing of the return of the Argonauts, would have killed Aeson; but he requested to be allowed to take his own life, and in offering a sacrifice drank freely of the bull's blood and died.<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">Compare <bibl>Diod. 4.50.1</bibl>; <bibl>Valerius Flaccus, Argon. i.777ff.</bibl> The ancients believed that bull's blood was poisonous. Similarly Themistocles was popularly supposed to have killed himself by drinking bull's blood (<bibl n="Plut. Them. 31">Plut. Them. 31</bibl>).</note> And Jason's mother cursed Pelias and hanged herself,<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">Her name was Perimede, according to <bibl n="Apollod. 1.9.16">Apollod. 1.9.16</bibl>. Diodorus Siculus calls her Amphinome, and says that she stabbed herself after cursing Pelias (<bibl>Diod. 4.50.1</bibl>).</note> leaving behind an infant son Promachus; but Pelias slew even the son whom she had left behind.<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">Compare <bibl>Diod. 4.50.1</bibl>.</note> On his return Jason surrendered the fleece, but though he longed to avenge his wrongs he bided his time. At that time he sailed with the chiefs to the Isthmus and dedicated the ship to Poseidon, but afterwards he exhorted Medea to devise how he could punish Pelias. So she repaired to the palace of Pelias and persuaded his daughters to make mince meat of their father and boil him, promising to make him young again by her drugs; and to win their confidence she cut up a ram and made it into a lamb by boiling it. So they believed her, made mince meat of their father and boiled him.<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">With this account of the death of Pelias compare <bibl>Diod. 4.51ff.</bibl>; <bibl n="Paus. 8.11.2">Paus. 8.11.2ff.</bibl>; <bibl>Zenobius, Cent. iv.92</bibl>; <bibl n="Pl. Ps. 3.2">Plaut. Ps. 868ff.</bibl>; <bibl>Cicero, De senectute xxiii.83</bibl>; <bibl n="Ov. Met. 7.297">Ov. Met. 7.297-349</bibl>; <bibl>Hyginus, Fab. 24</bibl>. The story of the fraud practised by Medea on Pelias is illustrated by Greek vase-paintings. For example, on a black-figured vase the ram is seen issuing from the boiling cauldron, while Medea and the two daughters of Pelias stand by watching it with gestures of glad surprise, and the aged white-haired king himself sits looking on expectant. See <bibl>Miss J. E. Harrison, <title>Greek Vase Paintings</title> (London, 1894), plate ii</bibl>; <bibl>Baumeister, <title>Denkmäler des klassischen Altertums</title>, ii.1201ff. with fig. 1394</bibl>. According to the author of the epic <title>Returns (Nostoi)</title>, Medea in like manner restored to youth Jason's old father, Aeson; according to Pherecydes and Simonides, she applied the magical restorative with success to her husband, Jason. Again, Aeschylus wrote a play called <title>The Nurses of Dionysus</title>, in which he related how Medea similarly renovated not only the nurses but their husbands by the simple process of decoction. See the <bibl>Greek Argument to the Medea of Euripides, and the Scholiast on Aristophanes, Knights, 1321</bibl>. (According to <bibl n="Ov. Met. 7.251">Ov. Met. 7.251-294</bibl>, Medea restored Aeson to youth, not by boiling him, but by draining his body of his effete old blood and replacing it by a magic brew.) Again, when Pelops had been killed and served up at a banquet of the gods by his cruel father Tantalus, the deities in pity restored him to life by boiling him in a cauldron from which he emerged well and whole except for the loss of his shoulder, of which Demeter had inadvertently partaken. See <bibl n="Pind. O. 1">Pind. O. 1.26(40)ff</bibl> with the <bibl>Tzetzes, Scholiast on Lycophron 152-153</bibl>. For similar stories of the magical restoration of youth and life, see Frazer's Appendix to Apollodorus, “The Renewal of Youth.”</note> But Acastus buried his father with the help <pb n="123"/>of the inhabitants of Iolcus, and he expelled Jason and Medea from Iolcus. </p></div><div subtype="section" type="textpart" n="28"><p><milestone unit="para"/>They went to <name type="place" key="perseus,Corinth">Corinth</name>, and lived there happily for ten years, till Creon, king of <name type="place" key="perseus,Corinth">Corinth</name>, betrothed his daughter Glauce to Jason, who married her and divorced Medea. But she invoked the gods by whom Jason had sworn, and after often upbraiding him with his ingratitude she sent the bride a robe steeped in poison, which when Glauce had put on, she was consumed with fierce fire along with her father, who went to her rescue.<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">See <bibl n="Eur. Med. 1136">Eur. Med. 1136ff.</bibl> It is said that in her agony Glauce threw herself into a fountain, which was thenceforth named after her (<bibl n="Paus. 2.2.6">Paus. 2.2.6</bibl>). The fountain has been discovered and excavated in recent years. See <bibl>G. W. Elderkin, “The Fountain of Glauce at Corinth,” <title>American Journal of Archaeology</title>, xiv. (1910), pp. 19-50</bibl>.</note> But Mermerus and Pheres, the children whom Medea had by Jason, she killed, and having got from the Sun a car drawn by winged dragons she fled on it to <name type="place" key="perseus,Athens">Athens</name>.<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">In this account of the tragic end of Medea's stay at <name type="place" key="perseus,Corinth">Corinth</name> our author has followed the <title>Medea</title> of Euripides. Compare <bibl>Diod. 4.54</bibl>; <bibl n="Ov. Met. 7.391">Ov. Met. 7.391ff.</bibl>; <bibl>Hyginus, Fab. 25</bibl>. According to <bibl>Apuleius, Meta. i.10</bibl>, Medea contrived to burn the king's palace and the king himself in it, as well as his daughter.</note> Another tradition is that on her flight she left behind her children, who were still infants, setting them as suppliants on the altar of Hera of the <pb n="125"/> Height; but the Corinthians removed them and wounded them to death.<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">Compare <bibl n="Paus. 2.3.6">Paus. 2.3.6</bibl>; <bibl>Ael., Var. Hist. v.21</bibl>; <bibl>Scholiast on Eur. Med. 9, 264</bibl>. Down to a comparatively late date the Corinthians used to offer annual sacrifices and perform other rites for the sake of expiating the murder of the children. Seven boys and seven girls, clad in black and with their hair shorn, had to spend a year in the sanctuary of Hera of the Height, where the murder had been perpetrated. These customs fell into desuetude after <name type="place" key="perseus,Corinth">Corinth</name> was captured by the Romans. See <bibl n="Paus. 2.3.7">Paus. 2.3.7</bibl>; Scholiast on <bibl n="Eur. Med. 264">Eur. Med. 264</bibl>; compare <bibl>Philostratus, Her. xx.24</bibl>.</note> <milestone unit="para"/>Medea came to <name type="place" key="perseus,Athens">Athens</name>, and being there married to Aegeus bore him a son Medus. Afterwards, however, plotting against Theseus, she was driven a fugitive from <name type="place" key="perseus,Athens">Athens</name> with her son.<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">According to one account, Medea attempted to poison Theseus, but his father dashed the poison cup from his lips. See below, <bibl n="Apollod. Epit. E.1.5">Apollod. E.1.5ff.</bibl>; <bibl n="Plut. Thes. 12">Plut. Thes. 12</bibl>; <bibl>Diod. 4.55.4-6</bibl>; <bibl n="Paus. 2.3.8">Paus. 2.3.8</bibl>; <bibl>Scholiast on Hom. Il. xi.741</bibl>; <bibl>Eustathius, Comment. on Dionysius Perieg. 1017</bibl>; <bibl n="Ov. Met. 7.406">Ov. Met. 7.406-424</bibl>. According to Ovid, the poison which Medea made use of to take off Thesus was aconite.</note> But he conquered many barbarians and called the whole country under him Media,<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">For the etymology, compare <bibl>Diod. 4.55.5, 7</bibl>, <bibl>Diod. 4.56.1</bibl>; <bibl n="Strab. 11.13.10">Strab. 11.13.10</bibl>; <bibl n="Paus. 2.3.8">Paus. 2.3.8</bibl>; <bibl>Eustathius, Comment. on Dionysius Perieg. 1017</bibl>; <bibl>Hyginus, Fab. 27</bibl>.</note> and marching against the Indians he met his death. And Medea came unknown to <name type="place" key="tgn,7016642">Colchis</name>, and finding that Aeetes had been deposed by his brother Perses, she killed Perses and restored the kingdom to her father.<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">According to others, it was not Medea but her son Medus who killed Perses. See <bibl>Diod. 4.56.1</bibl>; <bibl>Hyginus, Fab. 27</bibl>. Cicero quotes from an otherwise unknown Latin tragedy some lines in which the deposed Aeetes is represented mourning his forlorn state in an unkingly and unmanly strain (Tusculan. Disput. iii.12.26). The narrative of Hyginus has all the appearance of being derived from a tragedy, perhaps the same tragedy from which Cicero quotes. But that tragedy itself was probably based on a Greek original; for Diodorus Siculus introduces his similar account of the assassination of the usurper with the remark that the history of Medea had been embellished and distorted by the extravagant fancies of the tragedians.</note> <pb n="129"/> </p></div></div></div><div subtype="book" type="textpart" n="2"><div subtype="chapter" type="textpart" n="1"><div subtype="section" type="textpart" n="1"><p><milestone unit="para"/>Having now gone through the family of Deucalion, we have next to speak of that of Inachus. <milestone unit="para"/>Ocean and Tethys had a son Inachus, after whom a river in <name type="place" key="perseus,Argos">Argos</name> is called Inachus.<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">As to Inachus and his descendants, see <bibl>Tzetzes, Scholiast on Lycophron 177</bibl> (who follows Apollodorus); <bibl n="Paus. 2.15.5">Paus. 2.15.5</bibl>; <bibl>Scholiast on Eur. Or. 932</bibl>; <bibl>Scholiast on Hom. Il. i.22</bibl>. According to Apion, the flight of the Israelites from <name type="place" key="tgn,7016833">Egypt</name> took place during the reign of Inachus at <name type="place" key="perseus,Argos">Argos</name>. See <bibl>Eusebius, Praeparatio Evangelii, x.10.10ff.</bibl> On the subject of Phoroneus there was an ancient epic Phoronis, of which a few verses have survived. See <bibl>Epicorum Graecorum Fragmenta, ed. G. Kinkel, pp. 209ff.</bibl> </note> He and Melia, daughter of Ocean, had sons, Phoroneus, and Aegialeus. Aegialeus having died childless, the whole country was called Aegialia; and Phoroneus, reigning over the whole land afterwards named <name type="place" key="tgn,7017076">Peloponnese</name>, begat Apis and Niobe by a nymph Teledice. Apis converted his power into a tyranny and named the <name type="place" key="tgn,7017076">Peloponnese</name> after himself Apia; but being a stern tyrant he was conspired against and slain by Thelxion and Telchis. He left no child, and being deemed a god was called Sarapis.<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">Apollodorus identifies the Argive Apis with the Egyptian bull Apis, who was in turn identified with Serapis (Sarapis). As to the Egyptian Apis, see <bibl n="Hdt. 2.153">Hdt. 2.153</bibl> (with Wiedemann's note), iii.27, 28. As to Apia as a name for <name type="place" key="tgn,7017076">Peloponnese</name> or <name type="place" key="perseus,Argos">Argos</name>, see <bibl n="Aesch. Supp. 260">Aesch. Supp. 260ff.</bibl>; <bibl n="Paus. 2.5.7">Paus. 2.5.7</bibl>; <bibl>Scholiast on Hom. Il. i.22</bibl>; <bibl>Tzetzes, Scholiast on Lycophron 177</bibl>; <bibl>Stephanus Byzantius, s.v. <foreign xml:lang="grc">Ἀπία</foreign> </bibl>.</note> But Niobe had by Zeus ( and she was the first mortal woman with whom Zeus cohabited) a son Argus, and also, so says <pb n="131"/> Acusilaus, a son Pelasgus, after whom the inhabitants of the <name type="place" key="tgn,7017076">Peloponnese</name> were called Pelasgians. However, Hesiod says that Pelasgus was a son of the soil. </p></div><div subtype="section" type="textpart" n="2"><p><milestone unit="para"/>About him I shall speak again.<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">See below, <bibl n="Apollod. 3.8.1">Apollod. 3.8.1</bibl>.</note> But Argus received the kingdom and called the <name type="place" key="tgn,7017076">Peloponnese</name> after himself <name type="place" key="perseus,Argos">Argos</name>; and having married Evadne, daughter of Strymon and Neaera, he begat Ecbasus, Piras, <name type="place" key="perseus,Epidauros">Epidaurus</name>, and Criasus,<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">Compare Scholiast on <bibl n="Eur. Orest. 932">Eur. Or. 932</bibl>; <bibl>Hyginus, Fab. 145</bibl>.</note> who also succeeded to the kingdom. <milestone unit="para"/>Ecbasus had a son Agenor, and Agenor had a son Argus, the one who is called the All-seeing. He had eyes in the whole of his body,<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">As to Argus and his many eyes, compare <bibl n="Aesch. Supp. 303">Aesch. Supp. 303ff.</bibl>; <bibl>Scholiast on Eur. Ph. 1116</bibl>; <bibl n="Ov. Met. 1.625">Ov. Met. 1.625ff.</bibl>; <bibl>Hyginus, Fab. 145</bibl>; <bibl n="Serv. A. 7.790">Serv. Verg. A. 7.790</bibl>; <bibl>Scriptores rerum mythicarum Latini, ed. Bode, i. pp. 5ff. (First Vatican Mythographer 18)</bibl>.</note> and being exceedingly strong he killed the bull that ravaged <name type="place" key="tgn,7002735">Arcadia</name> and clad himself in its hide;<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">Compare Dionysius, quoted by the Scholiast on <bibl n="Eur. Phoen. 1116">Eur. Ph. 1116</bibl>, who says merely that Argus was clad in a hide and had eyes all over his body.</note> and when a satyr wronged the Arcadians and robbed them of their cattle, Argus withstood and killed him. It is said, too, that Echidna,<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">As to the monster Echidna, half woman, half snake, see <bibl n="Hes. Th. 295">Hes. Th. 295ff.</bibl> </note> daughter of Tartarus and Earth, who used to carry off passers-by, was caught asleep and slain by Argus. He also avenged the murder of Apis by putting the guilty to death. </p></div><div subtype="section" type="textpart" n="3"><p><milestone unit="para"/>Argus and Ismene, daughter of Asopus, had a son Iasus, who is said to have been the father of Io.<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">Compare <bibl n="Paus. 2.16.1">Paus. 2.16.1</bibl>; Scholiast on <bibl n="Eur. Orest. 932">Eur. Or. 932</bibl>.</note> But the annalist Castor and many of the tragedians allege that Io was a daughter of Inachus;<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">Compare <bibl n="Aesch. PB 589">Aesch. PB 589ff.</bibl>; <bibl n="Hdt. 1.1">Hdt. 1.1</bibl>; <bibl>Plut. De Herodoti malignitate 11</bibl>; <bibl>Lucian, Dial. Deorum iii.</bibl>; <bibl>Lucian, Dial. Marin. vii.1</bibl>; <bibl n="Paus. 3.18.13">Paus. 3.18.13</bibl>; <bibl n="Ov. Met. 1.583">Ov. Met. 1.583ff.</bibl>; <bibl>Hyginus, Fab. 145</bibl>.</note> and Hesiod <pb n="133"/>and Acusilaus say that she was a daughter of Piren. Zeus seduced her while she held the priesthood of Hera, but being detected by Hera he by a touch turned Io into a white cow<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">Compare <bibl n="Aesch. Supp. 291">Aesch. Supp. 291ff.</bibl>; <bibl>Scholiast on Hom. Il. 2.103 (who cites the present passage of Apollodorus)</bibl>; <bibl n="Ov. Met. 1.588">Ov. Met. 1.588ff.</bibl> </note> and swore that he had not known her; wherefore Hesiod remarks that lover's oaths do not draw down the anger of the gods. But Hera requested the cow from Zeus for herself and set Argus the All-seeing to guard it. Pherecydes says that this Argus was a son of Arestor;<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">The passage of Pherecydes is quoted by the Scholiast on <bibl n="Eur. Phoen. 1116">Eur. Ph. 1116</bibl>.</note> but Asclepiades says that he was a son of Inachus, and Cercops says that he was a son of Argus and Ismene, daughter of Asopus; but Acusilaus says that he was earth-born.<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">So <bibl n="Aesch. PB 305">Aesch. PB 305</bibl>.</note> He tethered her to the olive tree which was in the grove of the Mycenaeans. But Zeus ordered Hermes to steal the cow, and as Hermes could not do it secretly because Hierax had blabbed, he killed Argus by the cast of a stone;<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">Compare <bibl>Scholiast on Aesch. Prom. 561</bibl>; <bibl>Scholiast on Hom. Il. ii.103</bibl>.</note> whence he was called Argiphontes.<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">That is, slayer of Argus.</note> Hera next sent a gadfly to infest the cow,<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">For the wanderings of Io, goaded by the gadfly, see <bibl n="Aesch. Supp. 540">Aesch. Supp. 540ff.</bibl>, <bibl n="Aesch. PB 786">Aesch. PB 786(805)ff.</bibl>; <bibl n="Ov. Met. 1.724">Ov. Met. 1.724ff.</bibl> </note> and the animal came first to what is called after her the Ionian gulf. Then she journeyed through <name type="place" key="tgn,7016683">Illyria</name> and having traversed Mount Haemus she crossed what was then called the Thracian Straits but is now called after her the Bosphorus.<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">Bosphoros, ”Cow's strait” or ” Oxford.”</note> And having gone away to <name type="place" key="tgn,6005315">Scythia</name> and the Cimmerian land she wandered over great tracts of land and swam wide stretches of sea both in <name type="place" key="tgn,1000003">Europe</name> and <name type="place" key="tgn,1000004">Asia</name> until at last <pb n="135"/>she came to <name type="place" key="tgn,7016833">Egypt</name>, where she recovered her original form and gave birth to a son Epaphus beside the river <name type="place" key="tgn,1127805">Nile</name>.<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">Compare <bibl n="Aesch. PB 846">Aesch. PB 846(865)ff.</bibl>; <bibl n="Hdt. 2.153">Hdt. 2.153</bibl> <bibl n="Hdt. 3.27">Hdt. 3.27</bibl>; <bibl n="Ov. Met. 1.748">Ov. Met. 1.748ff.</bibl>; <bibl>Hyginus, Fab. 145</bibl>.</note> Him Hera besought the Curetes to make away with, and make away with him they did. When Zeus learned of it, he slew the Curetes; but Io set out in search of the child. She roamed all over <name type="place" key="tgn,1000140">Syria</name>, because there it was revealed to her that the wife of the king of Byblus was nursing her son;<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">Isis, whom the ancients sometimes identified with Io (see below), is said to have nursed the infant son of the king of Byblus. See <bibl>Plut. Isis et Osiris 15ff.</bibl> Both stories probably reflect the search said to have been instituted by Isis for the body of the dead Osiris.</note> and having found Epaphus she came to <name type="place" key="tgn,7016833">Egypt</name> and was married to Telegonus, who then reigned over the Egyptians. And she set up an image of Demeter, whom the Egyptians called Isis,<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">For the identification of Demeter with Isis, see <bibl n="Hdt. 2.59">Hdt. 2.59</bibl>, <bibl n="Hdt. 2.156">Hdt. 2.156</bibl>; <bibl>Diod. 1.13.5</bibl>, <bibl>Diod. 1.25.1</bibl>, <bibl>Diod. 1.96.5</bibl>.</note> and Io likewise they called by the name of Isis.<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">Herodotus remarked (<bibl n="Hdt. 2.41">Hdt. 2.41</bibl>) that in art Isis was represented like Io as a woman with cow's horns. For the identification of Io and Isis, see <bibl>Diod. 1.24.8</bibl>; <bibl>Lucian, Dial. Deorum iii</bibl>.; <bibl>Clement of Alexandria, Strom. i.21.106, p. 382, ed. Potter</bibl>; <bibl n="Prop. 3.20.17">Prop. iii.20.17ff.</bibl>; <bibl>Juvenal vi.526ff.</bibl>; <bibl>Statius, Sylv. iii.2.101ff.</bibl>; <bibl>Hyginus, Fab. 145</bibl>.</note> </p></div><div subtype="section" type="textpart" n="4"><p><milestone unit="para"/>Reigning over the Egyptians Epaphus married <name type="place" key="tgn,7001186">Memphis</name>, daughter of <name type="place" key="tgn,1127805">Nile</name>, founded and named the city of <name type="place" key="tgn,7001186">Memphis</name> after her, and begat a daughter <name type="place" key="tgn,1000172">Libya</name>, after whom the region of <name type="place" key="tgn,1000172">Libya</name> was called.<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">Compare <bibl>Tzetzes, Scholiast on Lycophron 894</bibl>.</note> <name type="place" key="tgn,1000172">Libya</name> had by Poseidon twin sons, Agenor and Belus.<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">Compare <bibl>Tzetzes, Chiliades vii.349ff.</bibl> </note> Agenor departed to <name type="place" key="tgn,6004687">Phoenicia</name> and reigned there, and there he became the ancestor of the great stock; hence we shall defer our account of him.<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">See below, <bibl n="Apollod. 3.1">Apollod. 3.1</bibl>.</note> But Belus remained in <name type="place" key="tgn,7016833">Egypt</name>, reigned over the country, and married Anchinoe, daughter of <name type="place" key="tgn,1127805">Nile</name>, by whom he had twin <pb n="137"/>sons, Egyptus and Danaus,<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">The following account of Egyptus and Danaus, including the settlement of Danaus and his daughters at <name type="place" key="perseus,Argos">Argos</name>, is quoted verbally, with a few omissions and changes, by the <bibl>Scholiast on Hom. Il. i.42</bibl>, who mentions the second book of Apollodorus as his authority. Compare <bibl n="Aesch. Supp. 318">Aesch. Supp. 318ff.</bibl>; <bibl>Scholiast on Eur. Hec. 886</bibl>, and <bibl>Scholiast on Eur. Or. 872</bibl>; <bibl>Hyginus, Fab. 168</bibl>; <bibl n="Serv. A. 10.497">Serv. Verg. A. 10.497</bibl>.</note> but according to Euripides, he had also Cepheus and Phineus. Danaus was settled by Belus in <name type="place" key="tgn,1000172">Libya</name>, and Egyptus in <name type="place" key="tgn,1012700">Arabia</name>; but Egyptus subjugated the country of the Melampods and named it <name type="place" key="tgn,7016833">Egypt</name> &lt; after himself&gt;. Both had children by many wives; Egyptus had fifty sons, and Danaus fifty daughters. As they afterwards quarrelled concerning the kingdom, Danaus feared the sons of Egyptus, and by the advice of Athena he built a ship, being the first to do so, and having put his daughters on board he fled. And touching at <name type="place" key="tgn,7011266">Rhodes</name> he set up the image of Lindian Athena.<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">Compare <bibl n="Hdt. 2.182">Hdt. 2.182</bibl>; <bibl>Marmor Parium 15-17, pp. 544, 546, ed. C. Müller (Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum, vol. i)</bibl>; <bibl>Diod. 5.58.1</bibl>; <bibl n="Strab. 14.2.11">Strab. 14.2.11</bibl>; <bibl>Eusebius, Praeparatio Evangelii iii.8</bibl>. As to the worship of the goddess, see <bibl>Cecil Torr, <title><name type="place" key="tgn,7011266">Rhodes</name> in Ancient Times</title> (Cambridge, 1885), pp. 74ff., 94 sq</bibl>. In recent years a chronicle of the temple of Lindian Athena has been discovered in Rhodes: it is inscribed on a marble slab. See <bibl>Chr. Blinkenberg, <title>La Chronique du temple Lindien</title> (Copenhagen, 1912)</bibl>.</note> Thence he came to <name type="place" key="perseus,Argos">Argos</name> and the reigning king Gelanor surrendered the kingdom to him;<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">Compare <bibl n="Paus. 2.16.1">Paus. 2.16.1</bibl>, <bibl n="Paus. 2.19.3.">Paus. 2.19.3.</bibl> </note> &lt; and having made himself master of the country he named the inhabitants Danai after himself&gt;. But the country being <pb n="139"/>waterless, because Poseidon had dried up even the springs out of anger at Inachus for testifying that the land belonged to Hera,<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">Compare <bibl n="Paus. 2.15.5.">Paus. 2.15.5.</bibl> </note> Danaus sent his daughters to draw water. One of them, Amymone, in her search for water threw a dart at a deer and hit a sleeping satyr, and he, starting up, desired to force her; but Poseidon appearing on the scene, the satyr fled, and Amymone lay with Poseidon, and he revealed to her the springs at <name type="place" key="perseus,Lerna">Lerna</name>.<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">Compare <bibl n="Eur. Phoen. 187">Eur. Ph. 187ff.</bibl>; <bibl>Lucian, Dial. Marin. vi.; Philostratus, Imagines, i.8</bibl>; <bibl>Scholiast on Hom. Il. iv.171</bibl>; <bibl n="Prop. 3.18.47">Prop. iii.18.47ff.</bibl>; <bibl>Hyginus, Fab. 169</bibl>. There was a stream called Amymone at <name type="place" key="perseus,Lerna">Lerna</name>. See <bibl n="Strab. 8.6.8">Strab. 8.6.8</bibl>; <bibl n="Paus. 2.37.1">Paus. 2.37.1</bibl>, <bibl n="Paus. 2.37.4">Paus. 2.37.4</bibl>; <bibl>Hyginus, Fab. 169</bibl>.</note> </p></div><div subtype="section" type="textpart" n="5"><p><milestone unit="para"/>But the sons of Egyptus came to <name type="place" key="perseus,Argos">Argos</name>, and exhorted Danaus to lay aside his enmity, and begged to marry his daughters. Now Danaus distrusted their professions and bore them a grudge on account of his exile; nevertheless he consented to the marriage and allotted the damsels among them.<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">For the marriage of the sons of Egyptus with the daughters of Danaus, and its tragic sequel, see <bibl>Zenobius, Cent. ii.6</bibl>; <bibl>Scholiast on Eur. Hec. 886 and Or. 872</bibl>; <bibl>Scholiast on Hom. Il. iv.171</bibl>; <bibl>Hyginus, Fab. 168</bibl>; <bibl n="Serv. A. 10.497">Serv. Verg. A. 10.497</bibl>. With the list of names of the bridal pairs as recorded by Apollodorus, compare the list given by <bibl>Hyginus, Fab. 170</bibl>.</note> First, they picked out Hypermnestra as the eldest to be the wife of Lynceus, and Gorgophone to be the wife of Proteus; for Lynceus and Proteus had been borne to Egyptus by a woman of royal blood, Argyphia; but of the rest Busiris, Enceladus, Lycus, and Daiphron obtained by lot the daughters that had been borne to Danaus by <name type="place" key="tgn,1000003">Europe</name>, to wit, Automate, Amymone, Agave, and Scaea. These daughters were borne to Danaus by a queen; but Gorgophone and Hypermnestra were borne to him <pb n="141"/>by Elephantis. And Istrus got Hippodamia; Chalcodon got Rhodia; Agenor got Cleopatra; Chaetus got Asteria; Diocorystes got Hippodamia; Alces got Glauce; Alcmenor got Hippomedusa; Hippothous got Gorge; Euchenor got Iphimedusa; Hippolytus got Rhode. These ten sons were begotten on an Arabian woman; but the maidens were begotten on Hamadryad nymphs, some being daughters of Atlantia, and others of Phoebe. Agaptolemus got Pirene; Cercetes got Dorium; Eurydamas got Phartis; Aegius got Mnestra; Argius got Evippe; Archelaus got Anaxibia; Menemachus got Nelo. These seven sons were begotten on a Phoenician woman, and the maidens on an Ethiopian woman. The sons of Egyptus by Tyria got as their wives, without drawing lots, the daughters of Danaus by <name type="place" key="tgn,7001186">Memphis</name> in virtue of the similarity of their names; thus Clitus got Clite; Sthenelus got Sthenele; Chrysippus got Chrysippe. The twelve sons of Egyptus by the Naiad nymph Caliadne cast lots for the daughters of Danaus by the Naiad nymph Polyxo: the sons were Eurylochus, Phantes, Peristhenes, Hermus, Dryas, Potamon, Cisseus, Lixus, Imbrus, Bromius, Polyctor, Chthonius; and the damsels were Autonoe, Theano, Electra, Cleopatra, Eurydice, Glaucippe, Anthelia, Cleodore, Evippe, Erato, Stygne, Bryce. The sons of Egyptus by Gorgo, cast lots for the daughters of Danaus by Pieria, and Periphas got Actaea, Oeneus got Podarce, Egyptus <pb n="143"/>got Dioxippe, Menalces got Adite, Lampus got Ocypete, Idmon got Pylarge. The youngest sons of Egyptus were these: Idas got Hippodice; Daiphron got Adiante ( the mother who bore these damsels was Herse); Pandion got Callidice; Arbelus got Oeme; Hyperbius got Celaeno; Hippocorystes got Hyperippe; the mother of these men was Hephaestine, and the mother of these damsels was Crino. <milestone unit="para"/>When they had got their brides by lot, Danaus made a feast and gave his daughters daggers; and they slew their bridegrooms as they slept, all but Hypermnestra; for she saved Lynceus because he had respected her virginity:<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">Compare <bibl n="Pind. N. 7">Pind. N. 7.1.6(10)</bibl>, with the Scholiast; <bibl n="Paus. 2.19.6">Paus. 2.19.6</bibl>, <bibl n="Paus. 2.20.7">Paus. 2.20.7</bibl>, <bibl n="Paus. 2.21.1">Paus. 2.21.1</bibl>; <bibl n="Hor. Carm. 3.11.30">Hor. Carm. 3.11.30ff.</bibl>; <bibl>Ovid, Her. xiv</bibl>.</note> wherefore Danaus shut her up and kept her under ward. But the rest of the daugters of Danaus buried the heads of their bridegrooms in <name type="place" key="perseus,Lerna">Lerna</name> <note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">Compare <bibl>Zenobius, Cent. iv.86</bibl>. According to <bibl n="Paus. 2.24.2">Paus. 2.24.2</bibl>) the heads of the sons of Egyptus were buried on the <name type="place" key="perseus,Larisa,Aeolis">Larisa</name>, the acropolis of <name type="place" key="perseus,Argos">Argos</name>, and the headless trunks were buried at <name type="place" key="perseus,Lerna">Lerna</name>.</note> and paid funeral honors to their bodies in front of the city; and Athena and Hermes purified them at the command of Zeus. Danaus afterwards united Hypermnestra to Lynceus; and bestowed his other daughters on the victors in an athletic contest.<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">Compare <bibl n="Pind. P. 9">Pind. P. 9.112(195)</bibl>, with the Scholiasts; <bibl n="Paus. 3.12.2">Paus. 3.12.2</bibl>. The legend may reflect an old custom of racing for a bride. See <bibl><title>The Magic Art and the Evolution of Kings</title>, ii.299ff.</bibl> It is said that Danaus instituted games which were celebrated every fifth (or, as we should say, every fourth) year, and at which the prize of the victor in the footrace was a shield. See <bibl>Hyginus, Fab. 170</bibl>.</note> <milestone unit="para"/>Amymone had a son Nauplius by Poseidon.<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">Compare <bibl n="Strab. 8.6.2">Strab. 8.6.2</bibl>; <bibl n="Paus. 2.38.2">Paus. 2.38.2</bibl>, <bibl n="Paus. 4.35.2">Paus. 4.35.2</bibl>.&gt;</note> This Nauplius lived to a great age, and sailing the sea he used by beacon lights to lure to death such as he fell <pb n="145"/>in with.<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified">See below, <bibl n="Apollod. Epit. E.6.7">Apollod. E. E.6.7-11</bibl>.</note> It came to pass, therefore, that he himself died by that very death. But before his death he married a wife; according to the tragic poets, she was Clymene, daughter of Catreus; but according to the author of <hi rend="ital"> The Returns</hi>,<note anchored="true" resp="ed" place="unspecified"><title>Nostoi</title>, an epic poem describing the return of the Homeric heroes from <name type="place" key="perseus,Troy">Troy</name>. See <bibl>Epicorum Graecorum Fragmenta, ed. G. Kinkel, pp. 52ff.</bibl>; D. B. Monro, in his edition of Homer, Odyssey, Bks. xiii.- xxiv. pp. 378-382.</note> she was Philyra; and according to Cercops she was Hesione. By her he had Palamedes, Oeax, and Nausimedon. </p></div></div></div></div></body></text></TEI>
                </passage>
            </reply>
            </GetPassage>