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                    <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><text><body><div type="translation" n="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0062.tlg041.perseus-eng2" xml:lang="eng"><div type="textpart" xml:base="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0062.tlg041.perseus-eng2" subtype="section" n="21"><p>
Than Combabe mad his weye safly ; and whan thei
were comen to the Holy Cytee thei gan bylde the
temple besily, and thei spenten three yeres in the werk,
and in tho yeres that Combabe dredde befel. For
in companyinge with him a gret whyl Stratonice
began for to love him, and thanne sche wex right
wode over him. Men of the Holy Cytee seyn that
Iuno was voluntarie cause thereof, to the entente
that Combabes godeness scholde not lye hidde and
Stratonice scholde ben punissched be cause that
sche ne behight not the temple buxomly (readily).
</p></div><div type="textpart" xml:base="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0062.tlg041.perseus-eng2" subtype="section" n="22"><p>
Atte firste sche was mesurable and hyd hir
maladye; but whan as hir miseyse becam to gret
for pees, sche sorwede openly and wepte everyche
day, and cryde on the name of Combabe, and Com-


<pb n="v.4.p.371"/>

babe was alle the worlde to hir. And fynally, for
sche ne mighte not susteyne suche adversitee, sche
soughte a wel semynge peticioun. Now sche was
war for to avowen hir love to ony other, yit sche
hadde scham for to assayen ought hirself. _Therfore
sche bethoghte hir of this devys, that sche scholde
make hirself dronke with wyn and thanne speke
with him ; for what tyme wyn cometh inne, boldness
of speche cometh inne with alle, and disconfiture
nys not over schamful, but all that is don passeth
into foryetynge (forgetfulness).
</p><p>
Right as hir thoghte, right so sche didde. For
aftre mete sche wente to the house wherin Combabe
was logged, and besoghte him and embraced his
knees and avowed hir love. But he resceyved hir
wordes rudeliche, and wolde not assente to the dede,
and reprevede hir of dronkenesse. But whan sche
made manace to don hirself som gret harm, thanne
for fere he told hir alle the storie and descryved al
his owne cas and discovered his doynge. And
whan Stratonice saughe that hir ne thoghte never
fulness
to seen, sche stente of (desisted from) hir wodenesse, yit sche forgat desisted
not at alle of hir love, but companyed with him “™
alle weyes and in that gyse solacede the love, therin
sche mighte not speden. That maner love abydeth
yit in the Holy Cytee, and is mad now a dayes;
wommen coveyten Galles and Galles wexen wode
for love of wommen; natheles is no man ialous, but
hem thenketh this thing right holy.
</p></div><div type="textpart" xml:base="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0062.tlg041.perseus-eng2" subtype="section" n="23"><p>
Now that that had happened in the Holy Cytee
touching Stratonice scaped not the kyng in no
kynde, but manye that retorneden acuseden hem
and reherceden here doynges; wherfore the kyng
was grevously troubled and sompnede Combabe fro


<pb n="v.4.p.373"/>

the werk or it was finissched. Othere men seyn not
sooth, that whan Stratonice fayled of hir purpos,
sche hir self wroot lettres to hir housbond and
acused Combabe, blamynge him of assayinge _hir.
Right as men of Grece seyn of Steneboye and of
Fedre Cnossien, right so seyn Assuriens of Stratonice.<note xml:lang="eng" n="v.4.p.373.n.1"><p>The story of Joseph and his master’s wife (Genesis39) would be in this instance a parallel more apt. And with both compare the scorning of Ishtar by Gilgamesh in the Epic (Schrader-Zimmern, p. 571 sq.). </p></note> Now to me, I ne beleve not that Steneboye
dide no suche thing, ne Fedre nouther, if Fedre
trewely lovede Ypolite. But lat tho thinges worth (go)
right as thei weren.<note xml:lang="eng" n="v.4.p.373.n.2"><p>This sentence parodies Herodotus 2, 28: ταῦτα μέν νυν ἔστω ὡς ἔστι τε καὶ ὡς ἀρχὴν ἐγένετο, and similar transitions. </p></note>
</p></div><div type="textpart" xml:base="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0062.tlg041.perseus-eng2" subtype="section" n="24"><p>
Whan the tidinges were come to the Holy Cytee,
and Combabe lernede the acusaccioun, he wente
boldely, for because he had laft his answere-at home.
And at arryvinge, anon the kyng bond him and
kepte him in prisoun; and after, whan his frendes
there weren that there weren beforn, whan Combabe
was sent forth, he ladde him in presence and began
for to blamen him, reprevinge him of avowtrie and
vileinye ; and in sore bitternesse of herte he putte
him in remembraunce of feythe and frendschipe,
seyinge that Combabe didde three fold wrong be cause
he was avowtrer and brak feyth and synned ayeyns
the goddesse in whoos servys that he so wroughte.
And manye stode forth and made witnessing that
thei sanghen hem companye togider openly. And
atte laste alle demeden that Combabe scholde dye
right anon, for his dedis disserveden dethe.
</p></div><div type="textpart" xml:base="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0062.tlg041.perseus-eng2" subtype="section" n="25"><p>
In this tyme he stondynge seyde noght. But
whan thei wolde leden him to his dethe, he spak,



<pb n="v.4.p.375"/>

and requered that tresor, seyinge, he wolde sleen
him, not for no vileinye ne avowtrie, but coveytinge
tho thinges that in goynge he hadde betoken him.
Thanne the kyng called his styward and bad him ~
brynge what hadde ben goven him for to kepe; and
whan he broght it, Combabe brak the seel and
schewed what was with inne and what he himself
hadde soffred. And he seyde: “O Kyng, for I was
adrad of this whan ye wolde sende me on this weye,
therfore me was loth to gon; and whan ye gretly constreyned me, I wroghte this maner dede, that is gode
for my maistre but not wel for me. Natheles, I that
am such as ye seen am reprevede of a mannes synne.”
</p></div><div type="textpart" xml:base="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0062.tlg041.perseus-eng2" subtype="section" n="26"><p>
At this seyinge that other youled and toke him in
armes and wepynge seyde: “O Combabe, wherfore
hastow wrought gret mescheef? Wherfore hastow
don thiself suche a despyt that never yit no man ne
sayde? I preyse this not at alle. O herde herte,
that wast hardy for to don suche thinges, that I
wolde thou hadde neer soffred ne I neer seen! Me
wantede not this answere. But for als moche
as it was goddes wille, first shaltow han vengeaunce
of oure grace, the dethe of thi false chalengeres
hem self, and after schal comen a gret yifte, moche
gold and gret plentee silver and Assuriene clothes
and rialle destreres (royal chargers). And thou shalt come before
me withouten that ony man presente thee, and
noon schalle lette thee fro sight of me, thoghe I be
abedde with my wyf.”<note xml:lang="eng" n="v.4.p.375.n.1"><p>A plain reminiscence of Herodotus3, 84 and118, with the significant change of fv uh yuraki to οὐδ᾽ ἣν γυναικί (Allinson). </p></note> Right as he seyde, right so
he didde. Tho weren ladde to dethe anon, but to
him the yiftes were goven and grettere frendschipe


<pb n="v.4.p.377"/>

was graunted. And it semede that Combabe hadde
not his pere in Assurye for wisdom and for blisse.</p><p>
And after, ther as he besoghte to finissche the
remenant of the temple, for he hadde laft it unfinissched, he was sent eftsones and broght it to an
ende, and abood there fro thens fromward. And be
cause of his vertue and wel doynge, the kyng vouchede
saf that his ymage in brasse scholde ben set in the
seyntuarye. And so for gerdon Combabe dwelleth yit
in the close, formed of brasse be crafte of Ermocle
the Rodien, lyk a womman in schappe, but clothed
as a man.<note xml:lang="eng" n="v.4.p.377.n.1"><p>Hermocles of Rhodes is known only from this passage ; his name must have been preserved by an inscription on the statue, which we may be sure was the restoration of an older statue of the putative originator of the Galli and possibly real founder of the temple, installed in connection with the Seleucid restoration of the temple itself. </p></note></p><p>
The storie telleth that his beste frendes, for solas
of his wo, chosen to parte his lot; for thei gelten
hem and ladde that same manere lyf. But othere
men rehercen prestes lore to this matere, how that
Iuno lovynge Combabe putte it in the thoghtes of
manye to gelden hem, in the entente that he
scholde not mourne allone for manhode.
</p></div><div type="textpart" xml:base="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0062.tlg041.perseus-eng2" subtype="section" n="27"><p>
But evermore sithen that this custom was first establissched,
it abydeth yit, and everyche yeer manye men
gelden hem in the close and becomen as wommen,
wher it be that thei solacen Combabe or reioysen
Iuno. Algates thei gelden hem. And thise no
lenger clothen hem as men, but weren wommenes
wedes and don wommenes werkes. And as I herde,
the blame of this also is leyde on Combabe; for a
thyng befel him in this wyse. A straunge womman
that cam thider on pilgrimage saughe him whyl
he was fayre and clad yit as a man, and sche was
seysed of gret love. But after, whan sche lernede



<pb n="v.4.p.379"/>

that he was marred, sche slowe hirself. Thanne for
despeyr that Combabe hadde be cause he was
acurst in love, he didde on femele clothinge to the
ende that never non other womman scholde ben
so begyled. That is whi Galles weren femele
aparayl.<note xml:lang="eng" n="v.4.p.379.n.1"><p>Since Kombabos bears a very ancient name, since the temple-story ascribes the origin of the Galli to him, not to Attis, and since Attis does not figure at all in the worship as described by Lucian, the Galli can hardly be a Seleucid importation from Phrygia (Cumont); in that case Attis would have been imported also. Meyer, who believes the cult ancient here, but Hittite-Anatolian in its origin, finds evidence of Attis-worship in the name Atargatis (Atat-Ata), which he interprets as the Astarte of Attis; 7.¢., the goddess that is characterized by the worship of Attis (Aesch., p. 650). This view not only leaves Kombabos out of account, but does not reckon with the fact that the deity Ata was often, if not always, thought of as feminine (cf. Baudissin, p. 158, 1). The connection, however, between Attis and Ata is indubitable ; and I believe that there is an analogous connection between Kombabos (Assyr. Hum-ba-ba, Baby]. Hu-wa-wa, with characteristic w for b) and KéBnBos (Gallus), KvB48n (the goddess Cybele). It cannot be mere coincidence that in Syria Ku(m)baba serves Ata, while in Bhrygie Cybebe is served by Attis. That the transfer in which man and goddess exchanged names was from Semitic to non-Semitic soil is, it seems to me, likely from the antiquity of the name Ku(m)baba. Other arguments are not wanting. </p></note></p><p>
Of Combabe have I seyd ynow, and of Galles I
schalle make mencioun sone in another partie of my
boke,<note xml:lang="eng" n="v.4.p.379.n.2"><p>C. 50-53. </p></note> how that they ben gelded, and in what
manere that thei ben buryed, and wherfore thei
entren not into the temple. But first it listeth me
to telle of the site of the temple and his gretnesse,
and therfore I schalle don right so.

</p></div><div type="textpart" xml:base="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0062.tlg041.perseus-eng2" subtype="section" n="28"><p>

The place therinne the temple sytt isa hille ; and *
it liggeth wel in the myddes of the cytee, and two
walles enviroune it. Oon of tho walles is auncien,
but the tother is not mocheles elder than oure tyme.
The entree of the holy place maketh out toward the
Septemtryon, wel a <num>100</num> fadmes of largenesse; and in
that entree stont tho yerdes that Bachus leet set,
on heighte a <num>300</num> fadmes.<note xml:lang="eng" n="v.4.p.379.n.3"><p>Some reduce these 300-fathom emblems to 30 by conjecture, but it is in unimportant details like this that Lucian ves rein to his inclination to parody. Mandeville gives the Howe of Babel the modest height of 64 furlongs—eight miles. </p></note> A man goth up the oon





<pb n="v.4.p.381"/>

of thise yerdes twyes in the yeer and woneth at the
cop of the yerde for the space of <num>7</num> dayes. And the
cause of his goynge up, as men seyn, is this. Lewed
folk trowen that he speketh with the goddes on highe
and axeth bones for alle Surrye, and the goddeg
heren his preyeres fro there nyghe.<note xml:lang="eng" n="v.4.p.381.n.1"><p>This is evidently the true reason, and not either of the two that follow. That the gods can hear better from near at hand is good Semitic psychology ; but the use of a pillar instead of a mountain-top, or a ziggurat, or the roof of a house, appears otherwise unevidenced in early Syria. “It was perhaps the memory of this strange rite (not however peculiar to Syria, but known also in India) which led Simeon the Stylite to ascend his column four centuries later ata site not very far west of the old temple of the Dea Syria” (C. R. Conder, Palestine, p. 206). </p></note> But othere
wenen that this also is don be cause of Deucalioun,
in tokene and mynde of that tribulacioun, whan
men wenten into montaynes and into the gret highe
trees for fere of the flode. Now to me, that is not
to beleven. I suppose wel that thei don this for
worschipe of Bachus, and I conclude it thus. Yerdes
that thei maken for worschipe of Bachus, on tho yerdes
thei setten alle weyes wodene men; but I schalle
not seye whi.<note xml:lang="eng" n="v.4.p.381.n.2"><p>Compare Herodotus 2, 48, and the iepds Adyos. The explanation that Lucian has in mind is probably the ee story (Clement of Alexandria, Protrept. 2, p. 30 P.). </p></note> Therfore me thenketh, in goynge
up, that oon countrefeteth that other woden man.

</p></div><div type="textpart" xml:base="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0062.tlg041.perseus-eng2" subtype="section" n="29"><p>

The manere of his goynge up is this. He putteth
a schort corde abouten himself and the yerde, and
thanne he climbeth on peces of wode ynaylled on
the yerde, bigge ynow for to lette setten (set his toes) on his
toon; and ther as he climbeth he throweth up the
corde with bothe hondes right as he mighte schake
the reynes of a charre. If ony ther be that hath
not seen this thing, but hath seen men that climben
trees of palme in Arabye or in Egypte, or elles
where, he undirstondeth wherof I speke.<note xml:lang="eng" n="v.4.p.381.n.3"><p>This method of climbing palms is alluded to by Pliny, 13, 29. </p></note>





<pb n="v.4.p.383"/>
</p><p>
Whan he is comen to the ende of his weye, he
letteth falle an other corde that he hath, that is
long, and draweth uppe what him list, wode and
clothes and purveyaunce, of the whiche he frameth
a sete lyk as a nest, theron he sytteth and abydeth
for the space of the before seyde dayes, And
manye comynge putten gold or silver or peraunter
brasse, that thei usen for here moneyes, in to a
vesselle that lyeth there neer, seyinge everychon
his name. Thann oon that stondeth there beside
calleth it uppe ; and whan that other resceyveth the
name of eech, he preyeth for him, and in preyinge
schaketh a thyng of brasse that souneth gret and
schrille whan it is stered.<note xml:lang="eng" n="v.4.p.383.n.1"><p>Very likely the bronze sistrum ; fragments of these have been found in Phoenicia (Cook 45). The object was to scare away evil spirits, which as Lucian says elsewhere (vol. iii, p. 343), take flight if they hear a chink of bronze or iron. </p></note> And he ne slepeth never.
For if that ever he falle on slepe, a scorpioun goynge
up awaketh him and doth him pitous harm; and
that is the peyne that is leyde on him for slepynge.<note xml:lang="eng" n="v.4.p.383.n.2"><p>There is probably special significance in the scorpion. Not only does it occur frequently on Babylonian seals, and later become the sign of the Zodiac, but in the Gilgamesh Epic (Frazer, Folklore,i, 112), the mountain, where the sun goes down (i.e. Antilian on ; Schrader-Zimmern, p. 573), is guarded by a scorpion man and woman. </p></note>
Now this tale that is told of the scorpioun is a holy
tale and wel semyng, but wher it be trewe or non,
I wot neer. Natheles, me semeth that drede of
fallynge avayleth moch to wakfulnesse.
</p><p>Now thanne, of yerde-climberes have I seyd y
now.

</p></div><div type="textpart" xml:base="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0062.tlg041.perseus-eng2" subtype="section" n="30"><p>
But as touching the temple, it loketh ayenst
the sonnes rysynge, and the form and makyng
therof is right as thei bylden temples in Ionye. A
gret platte forme ryseth fro the erthe <num>2</num> fadmes of
highte, where on the temple sytt. The weye up to




<pb n="v.4.p.385"/>

it is mad of stone, that is not over long. And
whan thou art aboven, the parvys of the temple
scheweth thee a thing of grete merveylle, for it is
dight with dores of gold. And with inne, the temple
schyneth with mocheles gold, and the ceylours ben
alle goldene. And a hevenlyche savour cometh out
of it, lyk as cometh, men seyn, out of the londe of
Arabye. In goynge up, fro fer it sendeth toward
thee a wondur swete brethe; and ther as thou gost
thy weye, it fayleth never, but thi clothes kepen
that brethe ful longe tyme, and thou schalt evermore ben in remembraunce ther of.
</p></div><div type="textpart" xml:base="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0062.tlg041.perseus-eng2" subtype="section" n="31"><p>
And with inne, the temple is not oon, but in it is
mad an other chambre, to the which is an other weye
up, that is but schort. That chambre is not dight
with dores but liggeth alle open ayens thee. In to
the grete temple comen alle men, but in to the
litylle chambre the prestes only, and not alle the
prestes, but only thei that ben most nyghe to
the Goddes and han in governaunce alle the servys
of the temple. And in that chambre arn throned
the ydoles, that oon Iuno and that other that is
Tove, algates thei clepen him be another name.<note xml:lang="eng" n="v.4.p.385.n.1"><p>The other name, the right one, is Hadad, or Ramman, god of the lightning and of the waters (rains and floods), known from very early times to the Semites, to the Mitani folk under the name of Teshub, and to the Hittites, upon whose monuments he is conspicuous, with the axe and the thunderbolt for attributes. He underlies not only Jupiter Heliopolitanus but Jupiter Dolichenus. Consequently his identification here also with Jupiter was inevitable, and it is chiefly in virtue of this that his spouse was identified with Juno (cf. Dussaud, Pauly-Wissowa, s.v., and Schrader- Zimmern, p. 447). </p></note>
And both ben of gold, and both sytten, but lyouns
beren Iuno, and that other sytt on boles.<note xml:lang="eng" n="v.4.p.385.n.2"><p>Lucian’s statement is borne out by the coins; see Head, Hist. Numm., 2nd ed., p. 777. Atargatis is seen sometimes riding on a lion, sometimes enthroned between two of them ; Hadad (not Baal Kevan) is seated between two oxen. ‘On an inscription from North Syria (eighth century) Hadad has horns, and with this agrees the association of the bull with the god . . . we may conjecture that the small heads of bulls unearthed by the excavations are connected with his worship” (Cook, 90; cf. Schrader-Zimmern, p. 778). Compare Tobit, 1, 5. The lion appears also in connection with Ata, with “Kadesh,” who stands upon a lion in an Egyptian representation of her, and with several Babylonian deities, as well as with Cybele. </p></note>




<pb n="v.4.p.387"/>
</p><p>
And certeynely the symulacre of Iove ressembleth
Iove in alle pointes, as heed and garnements and
throne; and thou mightest not lyknen him unto
no thing elles, and thou wolde.
</p></div><div type="textpart" xml:base="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0062.tlg041.perseus-eng2" subtype="section" n="32"><p>
 But whan thou
lokest on Iuno, sche wil schewe thee grete dyversitee of semblauntz; for al be it that the hool, trewely
considered, be luno, natheles it conteyneth some
dele of Minerve and Venus and Luna and Cibella
and Deane and Fortune and Parcas.<note xml:lang="eng" n="v.4.p.387.n.1"><p>Compare Plutarch, Crassus, 17, 6: “And the first warning sign came to him from this very goddess, whom some call Venus, others Juno, while others (cf. Cornutus 6) still regard her as the natural cause which supplies from moisture the beginnings and seeds of everything, and points out to mankind the source of all blessings. for as they were leaving her temple (where, Plutarch says, he had been taking an inventory of the treasures), first the younger Crassus stumbled and fell at the gate, and then his father fell over him” (Perrin’s translation). The identification with Aphrodite, which occurs on inscriptions from Delos, is due to her Astarte side ; to Lucian in this case it is of course particularly suggested by the famous cestus. What suggested the other goddesses is not clear to me in the case of Athena or of Nemesis; the rays indicate Selene, the distaff Artemis, and the sceptre the Parcae, or Moirai (Fates). cestus </p></note> And in that
oon hond sche holt a troncheon, and in that
other a distaf; and on hir hede sche bereth rayes,
and a tour, and that ceynt that men arayen with
Venus Celestial allone. And abouten hir sche hath
mo gold and precious stones right costlewe, some
whyte and some watry, and manye lyk wyn and
manye lyk fuyr; and therto sardoynes withouten
nombre and berylles and emeraudes. Thise stones
bryngen men of Egypte and Inde and Ethyope and
Medye and Ermonye and Babyloyne. But I schal
devyse you a thyng that is yit mo to speke of.
Sche bereth on hir hede a ston that hight Lampe
and hath his name after that that it doth. That ston
schyneth in the nyght with grete claretee and
serveth all the temple with light, right as it were
of lampes. In the daye his schyninge is feble but



<pb n="v.4.p.389"/>

it hath a right fuyry aspect.<note xml:lang="eng" n="v.4.p.389.n.1"><p>Compare Herodotus2, 44, on the great emerald pillar in the temple of Melkart at Tyre; also Mandeville, pp. 239, 276, ed. Halliwell, on luminous stones in the possession of the Emperor of Cathay and of Prester John. Diodorus (3, 39, 8) credits the topaz with this power. </p></note> And ther is an
other merveylle in that ydole. Gif thou loke on
hir stondynge ayenst hir, sche loketh on thee, and
if thou remeve thee, hir regard folweth thee; natheles
if an other beholde hir fro the tothere syde, sche
doth right so to him also.
</p></div><div type="textpart" xml:base="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0062.tlg041.perseus-eng2" subtype="section" n="33"><p>
And betwene hem stont a symulacre of gold, not
lyk the othere symulacres in no kynde, that hath
no propre schap but bereth the qualitees of the
other goddes. And the Assuriens hem selve clepen
it Tokene, for thei han not goven him no propre name ;
in sothe thei mowe not seyn whens it cam ne what
maner thyng it is. But some beleven, it is of Bachus, ~
and othere that it is of Deucalioun, and othere that it
is of Semiramys. And for sothe a dowve of gold
stont on his hede, and so thei devisen that it is
Semiramys Tokene. And it doth iorney twyes
eech yeer to the See, for to fecchen that water
aforseyde.<note xml:lang="eng" n="v.4.p.389.n.2"><p>It is clear from the passage in Melito quoted above that Lucian’s “token” (semeion) rests upon a misunderstanding of the name of a goddess, Simi, Simia, Semea (Néldeke ; cf. Hoefer, s.v. Semea in Roscher). The name also figures in the Semiramis-Derceto myth, for the royal overseer is called Simmas. Note also that the figure has a dove on its head. A Talmudic gloss cited by Drusius says: ‘“Samaritanus circumcidit in nomine imaginis columbam referentis quam inventam in vertice montis Garizim certo quodam ritu colunt” (Selden, de Dis Syris, p. 275). See Montgomery, Samaritans, p. 320. </p></note>
</p></div><div type="textpart" xml:base="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0062.tlg041.perseus-eng2" subtype="section" n="34"><p>
In the temple himself on the left syde in entrynge is
first a thron of Elye the sonne, but noon ymage of him
sytt there on. For of Sonne and Mone only schewen
thei non symulacres, and I lernede wherfore thei
folwen this usaunce. Thei seyn that of othere
goddes it is leful to lete make symulacres, for that




<pb n="v.4.p.391"/>

here schappes ben not seen of alle men. But Sonne
and Mone ben wel visible and alle men beholden
hem. Whi thanne make symulacres of thynges that
aperen in the eyr?<note xml:lang="eng" n="v.4.p.391.n.1"><p>Compare Meyer, Gesch., p. 192, on the lack of images and temples in the Egyptian worship of Ra. </p></note>
</p></div><div type="textpart" xml:base="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0062.tlg041.perseus-eng2" subtype="section" n="35"><p>
And ther nyghe this throne is sett a symulacre ~
of Apollo, not lyk as he is wont to ben formed. For
alle othere Jeven Apollo yong and formen him as a
stripling, but thise allone schewen a symulacre of
Apollo berded. And doynge this thei preisen hem
selve and repreven Grekes and alle othere men that
worschippen Apollo in lyknesse of a child. And the
resoun is, for it semeth hem gret folye to maken
schappes of Goddes inperfyt, and al that is yong
thei demen yit inperfyt. And here Apollo hath
other novelrye; for thei allone arayen him with
clothynges.<note xml:lang="eng" n="v.4.p.391.n.2"><p>Apollo is Nebo, whose statue, bearded and clothed, erected at Kelach by Adad-Nirari III, son of Semiramis, may be seen at the British Museum (illustrated in Roscher, Lexikon, I, p. 49). The inscription that it bears implores long life for Adad-Nirari, king of Assyria, and for Sammuramat, the Lady of the Palace. Nebo was highly favoured by Semiramis, and also, in later days, by Antiochus Soter, who rebuilt his temple at Borsippa in 268 B.c. At Edessa, near Hieropolis, his worship continued until the coming of Christianity (Cureton, Ancient Syriac Documents, pp. 14, 22, 41). Contemporary testimony to its existence at FReropolie is furnished by Melito; see above, p. 353, note 3. Thestatue at Hieropolis that we find described in Macrobius seems to be a later one; for though it was bearded and clothed, as in Lucian’s day, there was a calathus on the head, a spear topped with a little figure of Victory in the right hand, a flower in the left, a breastplate on his body, and over it a snaky aegis; also, two eagles near by (Saturn, 1, 17, 67-70). </p></note>
</p></div><div type="textpart" xml:base="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0062.tlg041.perseus-eng2" subtype="section" n="36"><p>
Now of the wondres that he doth I can speke
largely, but I wol telle only that that is most
marveyllous; and first I schalle make mencioun
of the oracle. Ther ben manye oracles amonges
Grekes and manye amonges Egyptyens, and some in
Libye, and also manye in Asye. But thise oracles
speken not withouten prestes or prophetes; but




<pb n="v.4.p.393"/>

that oon meveth be himself and be himself acomplischeth his fercastinge, wher of the maner is right
so. Whan heis in wille for to make predicatioun, atte
firste he meveth on his thron, and thanne anon the
prestes beren him up; but if thei ne beren him
not up, he sweteth and meveth ever the more. And
whyls thei carryen him on here scholdres, he dryveth
hem, tornynge hem in alle weyes and lepynge fro
that oon to that other. And atte last the Chefe
Preste meteth him and axeth him of alle manere
thinges; and gif he wole not that a thyng ben don,
he draweth him backwardes; but if he commende a
thyng, he dryveth his bereres forwardes right as he
were dryvinge a charre.<note xml:lang="eng" n="v.4.p.393.n.1"><p>At Heliopolis, Jupiter Heliopolitanus, who had absorbed “Apollo,” gave oracles in much the same way (Macrobius, Saturn, 1, 28. 13sgq.). So also did Ammon at his great Libyan shrine (Siwa) ; the description of the procedure when Alexander consulted it (Diodorus, 17, 50-51), somewhat blind in itself, is clear in the light of these parallels. The ikon of the Virgin at Phaneromene, Salamis, is credited with similar owers to-day (Capps), and for a parallel in modern Sierra eone, see Frazer, Folklore, iii, p. 323. . </p></note> So assemblen thei the
predicatiounes, and withouten this don thei no
thing, ne solempne ne lewede. And he speketh of
the yeer and the sesouns ther of, ye, whan thei
ne axe not; and he speketh of the Tokene, whan
it schal gon that iorney aforseyde.
</p></div><div type="textpart" xml:base="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0062.tlg041.perseus-eng2" subtype="section" n="37"><p>
And I schalle
seye you an other wonder that he wroghte in min
owene presence. Whan the prestes wolde beren
him up and carryen him, he lafte hem doun on the
erthe and fleighe in the eyr al be him self.
</p></div><div type="textpart" xml:base="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0062.tlg041.perseus-eng2" subtype="section" n="38"><p>
There beside Apollo is a symulacre of Atlas, and
there neer, of Mercure and of Lucine.<note xml:lang="eng" n="v.4.p.393.n.2"><p>This is very likely the same triad of Semitic deities under another set of names, and in slightly different manifestations. For Atlas I would suggest Hadaranes, who according to Melito was worshipped here; a sign of the Zodiac would have sufficed to suggest the supporter of the heavens. Hermes(Mercury) should be Nebo at bottom, because that planet is the planet of Nebo; but the Heliopolitan Mercury who took the place of the Hieropolitan Apollo-Nebo in the triad is thought to have been called Simios (Dussaud). Eileithyia (Lucina), the helper in childbirth, is Mylitta, though here they may not have called her by that name (cf. Schrader-Zimmern, 423, note 7). </p></note>




<pb n="v.4.p.395"/>
</p></div><div type="textpart" xml:base="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0062.tlg041.perseus-eng2" subtype="section" n="39"><p>
Now have I devysed you how that the temple
is aparaylled with innen. Withouten is set a gret
awtere of brasse, and there nyghe ben othere symulacres of kynges and prestes withouten nombre ; and
I schalle telle you tho that ben moste worthy of
mencioun. At the lefte syde of the temple stont a
symulacre of Semiramys schewinge the temple with
hir righte hond, the whiche was sett up for this
resoun. Sche made ordeynaunce unto alle that
duelleden in Surrye that thei scholde worschippe hir
as here goddesse, recchynge nought of the othere
goddes and [uno hirself. And thei didde right
so. But after, for als moche as syknesses and tribulaciouns and peynes weren leyde on hir by the
goddes, sche cessed of that folye and knouleched that
sche was mortalle and commaunded alle hir subgettes
to tornen hem ayen un to Iuno. Wherfore sche
stont yit in suche gyse, devysing to alle that comen
that thei schulle worschippe luno, and knoulechynge
that sche is not goddesse no more, but that other.<note xml:lang="eng" n="v.4.p.395.n.1"><p>There may be some truth in this legend, for Semiramis actually received worship in Carchemish, just north of Hieropolis. </p></note>
</p></div><div type="textpart" xml:base="urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0062.tlg041.perseus-eng2" subtype="section" n="40"><p>
And in that place saughe I also ymages of Eleyne
and Ecube and Andromacha and Parys and Ector
and Achilles. And I saughe Nireos ymage, that
was sone of Aglaye, and Philomele and Progne, that
weren yit wommen, and Tereus himself, that was a
brid, and an other ymage of Semiramys, and of
Combabe that that I spak of, and a right fayr of
Stratonice, and oon of Alexaundre lyk as it were the
verray man, and there beside him stont Sardanapalle
in other schappe and other aparayl.<note xml:lang="eng" n="v.4.p.395.n.2"><p>That is, with the figure and clothing of a woman. </p></note>



<pb n="v.4.p.397"/>
</p></div></div></body></text></TEI>
                </passage>
            </reply>
            </GetPassage>