A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology

or ARTOXERXES (Ἀρταξέρξης or Ἀρτοξέρξης) is the name of three Persian kings, and signifies, according to Herodotus (6.98), "the great warrior" (ὁ μέγας ἀρήϊος). The word is compounded of Arta, which means " honoured" [see p. 284a.], and Xerxes, which is probably the same as the Zend, ksathra, and the Sanscrit, kshatra, " a king:" consequently Artaxerxes would mean " the honoured king."