Institutio Oratoria
Quintilian
Quintilian. Institutio Oratoria, Volume 1-4. Butler, Harold Edgeworth, translator. Cambridge, Mass; London: Harvard University Press, William Heinemann Ltd., 1920-1922.
Some have recognised only two bases. Archedemus [*](Fr. 11, Arnim.) for instance admits only the conjectural and definitive and refuses to admit the qualitative, since he held that questions of quality take the form of
What is unfair? what is unjust? what is disobedience?which he terms questions about identity and difference. [*](i.e. the question may be stated Does it conform to our conception of injustice or is it something different? Questions of quality are regarded as questions of definition. )
A different view was held by those who likewise only admitted two bases, but made them the negative and juridical. The negative basis is identical with that which we call the conjectural, to which some give the name of negative absolutely, others only in part, these latter holding that conjecture is employed by the accuser, denial only by the accused.